“The Tale of Belgorod Kisel” is a story about the resourcefulness of the Russian people, their love for their homeland. The text has come to us thanks to Nestor the chronicler, the author of The Tale of Bygone Years. We must not forget that the chronicle appeared in 1113, while the events described in the legend date back to 997. Thus, it can be argued that Nestor recorded the story from the lips of the people. It is difficult to determine what is true and what is fiction.
The theme of “Tales of Belgorod Jelly” is the siege of Belgorod and the salvation of the Russians. The author proves that resourcefulness and cunning help you get out of any trouble. In addition, he claims that love for the Motherland is stronger than physical suffering. The genre of the work is legend. Despite the fact that there is a place for fiction in it, the work is based on real events, in addition, it mentions a historical figure.
The plot of the legend is simple, which is typical for ancient Russian literature. The sequence of plot elements is correct. The legend begins with an exposition: the author talks about the conditions in which key events took place. The beginning is the cover of the city by the Pechenegs. The development of events is a story about famine and the decision of the inhabitants to surrender, the advice of a wise old man. The climax is the story of how the townspeople called the Pechenegs to show them wells with food. The denouement of “The Legend...” is laconic: the Pechenegs believed the deception of the Russians and retreated.
The work's image system is not very ramified. It contains combined images of Belgorodians and Pechenegs, who are the “backdrop” for the story about the wise old man. The latter is the main character of “The Tale...”. The Pechenegs are depicted as a vile people, attacking defenseless townspeople. The enemies of Belgorod residents are naive and stupid, as they were easily fooled. At the same time, the Pechenegs were patient, because they waited until the Russians surrendered, exhausted by hunger.
The Russians are a people who can endure hunger in order to save their native lands. Despite the fact that the Belgorod residents were going to surrender to the enemy, they cannot be called cowards. People simply lost hope of salvation. It is not difficult to guess that the prince took strong men to war, so the Belgorod residents could not enter into battle. The elder is the embodiment of folk wisdom and fortitude. This is a reasonable person who knew how to remain calm even in the most hopeless situations.
The text of “The Legend” contains very few linguistic means, which brings it closer to a conversational style. In the text, the author used only epithets: “great war”, “severe famine”, “sweet satiety”. There are no metaphors or comparisons, but this does not make the story poorer. There are many historicisms in the legend that reflect the realities of Nestor’s era: prince, veche, syta, patches, tavern.
The repetition of conjunctions in neighboring sentences and at the boundaries of complex syntactic structures attract attention. This stylistic figure is called polysyndeton. It is widespread not only in folklore texts, but also in biblical ones.
“The Tale of Belgorod Kisel” was written more than a thousand years ago, but thanks to its interesting plot and eternal ideas, it remains relevant for modern readers.
What is a chronicle and what will it tell us about? What did the weather records look like? Kiev-Pechersk Lavra and its chroniclers. "The Tale of Bygone Years." Why does the chronicler tell the legend about Belgorod jelly?
Topic: Chronicles
Lesson: Chronicles
“This is the story of the time years, where the Russian land came from, who began to reign first in Kiev, and where the Russian land began to eat” - this is how the beginning of one of the oldest Russian chronicles that has come down to us sounds in Old Russian, which, according to the first words, is usually called “The Tale” temporary years." Many people worked on this chronicle. The first set of this chronicle was called the Most Ancient and was compiled in 1037; we do not know its author. Then it was completed and finalized by the monks Nikon, John, Nestor, and Sylvester.
This is how the sculptor Antokolsky imagined the chronicler:
Rice. 1. Nestor the Chronicler
Nikon, John, Nestor, Sylvester - monks of the Kiev Pechersk Lavra. It was in the Lavra that the “Tale of Bygone Years” was created. The history of the Kiev Pechersk Lavra begins in 1051. It was founded by the Greek monk Anthony in caves near Kyiv (now in the city center). In the 11th century, the monastery became the main center for the spread of Orthodoxy in Rus', and already in the 12th century it received the honorary name Lavra (only the most important monasteries were called this way).
Rice. 2. Kiev-Pechersk Lavra
The Kiev Pechersk Lavra becomes the most important spiritual center of Orthodoxy, and during the invasion of the Mongol-Tatars, it became the center of resistance to enemies. A huge number of Orthodox Christians in different centuries went to bow to the Kiev-Pechersk shrines.
Read a fragment of the chronicle:
In the summer of 6534. Oroslav bought a lot. and come 3 Kiev. and make peace with your brother. Mstislav. ou Gorodets A. and razdelista and B 4 along the Dnieper. Russian land 5. Ӕroslav priӕsu 6 Forward. and Mstislav ѡnu. and start living. Mirio. and all brotherly love 7. and presta V ousobich G and mѧtezh. and there would be silence. great in the land of D
In let. ҂s҃. . f҃. l҃e. Born of the third snow. Oroslav. and call his name Stagoslav.
In the summer of 6537 peacefully 8 years t̑ 9
In let. ҂s҃. . f҃. . l҃i. this summer. go Oroslav to Chyud. and win ӕ. and set the city of Yuriev 12. at the same time. oumre And Boleslav 13 the Great 14 at 15 Lѧkhѣkh 16 . and there would be great rebellion 17 in the Land of Ice. and people got up. izbisha ep s py. and priests and boors 18 svo. and there would be peace. ve them ❙
Each chronicle article begins with the words “In the summer...”, after which the events that happened that year are outlined.
Only the strange year is called 6534, 6535. And we live in the 2000s. The fact is that the chroniclers counted from the creation of the world, and the modern European calendar counts time from the birth of Christ.
Until January 1, 1700, Russia used the Byzantine chronology, which was carried out “from the creation of the world.” This calculation was adopted with a simple yearly recalculation of the events of sacred history from Adam to our time. The year of the creation of the world, 5509 BC, was calculated by the Constantinople interpreters of the Holy Scriptures in 353 by order of Emperor Constantius. On December 19, 1699, Tsar Peter I signed a decree “On writing henceforth the genvar from the 1st day of 1700 in all papers of the year from the Nativity of Christ, and not from the creation of the world.” In Europe, this chronology - from the Nativity of Christ (the year of the Lord Anno Domini) was introduced by the Roman monk Dionysius the Small in 525
In 1582, by order of Pope Gregory 13, the Gregorian calendar was developed; by the 18th century, most European countries switched to the Gregorian calendar. Until 1918, Russia lived according to the Julian calendar, introduced before our era by Gaius Julius Caesar. By 1918, the difference between the Julian and Gregorian calendars was 13 days and growing. Therefore, it was decided to switch to the pan-European calendar. And 1918 began on January 13th. That is why we still celebrate the old New Year on the night of 13 to 14, although it would be more correct to celebrate from 14 to 15.
Each chronicler began his narration from the earliest times: from the creation of the world, rewrote a considerable part of the Bible and the works of his predecessors. The chronicler, as a rule, was a monk, therefore, when talking about historical events, he judges them as a Christian and correlates all events with those described in the Bible.
Why was it so important for every chronicler to start from the beginning? Why not just continue the story?
In Ancient Rus', a person could not tear away the present event of those that preceded him; the present is only a link in the chain connecting the past and the future. “Restoring the course of Russian history, chroniclers sought to connect this history of Rus' with world history, to understand it as part of world history.”
“A kind of “panoramic” vision develops. The chronicler sees the Russian land as if from a great height. He strives to tell a story about the entire Russian land, immediately and easily moves from events in one principality to events in another - at the opposite end of Rus'" D.S. Likhachev
Panorama - from the Greek “to see everything”
“The Tale of Bygone Years” ends in the year 6621 (according to modern chronology, 1113), its original was lost, and it was preserved only as part of other chronicles: the Laurentian and Ipatiev chronicles.
Therefore, a chronicle is always a set, since it combines and combines the texts of different works (chronicles, documents, lives of saints, oral folk traditions with the text belonging to the chronicler himself).
Read one of these legends, “The Tale of Belgorod Jelly,” included by Nestor in the chronicle. For what purpose do you think he did this?
Per year 6505 (997). Vladimir went to Novgorod for northern warriors against the Pechenegs () since there was a continuous great war at that time. The Pechenegs found out that there was no prince, they came and began near Belgorod. And they did not allow them to leave the city, and there was a strong famine in the city, and Vladimir could not help, since he had no soldiers, and there were many Pechenegs. And the siege of the city dragged on, and there was severe famine. And they gathered a veche in the city and said: “We will soon die of hunger, but there is no help from the prince. Is it better for us to die like this? We will surrender to the Pechenegs - some will be left alive, and some will be killed; we are still dying of hunger.” And so they decided at the meeting. There was one elder who was not at that meeting, and he asked: “What was the meeting about?” And the people told him that tomorrow they wanted to surrender to the Pechenegs. Hearing about this, he sent for the city elders and told them: “I heard that you want to surrender to the Pechenegs.” They answered: “People will not tolerate hunger.” And he said to them: “Listen to me, do not give up for three more days and do what I tell you.” They happily promised to obey. And he said to them: “Gather at least a handful of oats, wheat or bran.” They happily went and collected. And he ordered the women to make a chatterbox, which they use to cook jelly, and ordered them to dig a well and insert a tub into it, and pour it into the chatterbox. And he ordered to dig another well and insert a tub into it, and ordered to look for honey. They went and took a basket of honey, and ordered them to make sweet stuff out of it and pour it into a tub in another well. The very next day he ordered to send for the Pechenegs. And the townspeople said, having come to the Pechenegs: “Take hostages from us, and you yourself enter about ten people into the city to see what is happening in our city.” The Pechenegs were delighted, thinking that they wanted to surrender to them, took hostages, and they themselves chose the best husbands in their clans and sent them to the city to see what was happening in the city. And they came to the city, and the people said to them: “Why are you destroying yourselves? Can you stand against us? If you stand for 10 years, what will you do to us? For we have food from the earth. If you don’t believe it, then look with your own eyes.” And they led them to the well, where there was a jelly jar, and they scooped them up with a bucket and poured them into patches. And when they had cooked the jelly, they took it, and came with them to another well, and drew their fill from the well, and began to eat first themselves, and then the Pechenegs. And they were surprised and said: “Our princes will not believe us unless they taste it themselves.” People poured them grub jelly solution and fed from the well and gave it to the Pechenegs. They returned and told everything that had happened. And, having cooked it, the Pecheneg princes ate it and marveled. And taking their hostages and letting the Belgorod ones go, they got up and went home from the city.
Even from the most hopeless situation you can emerge victorious. The enemy may be stronger, but he can be defeated by cunning.
There is a proverb “Cunning takes power”; it very briefly and accurately formulates the main idea of the legend.
In the drama “Boris Godunov” by Alexander Sergeevich Pushkin, the chronicler Pimen speaks about the young monk about the meaning of his work, the meaning of his life like this:
One more, last saying -
And my chronicle is finished, the debt bequeathed by God to me, a sinner, is fulfilled. It is not for nothing that the Lord has made me a Witness for many years and taught me the art of books; Someday, a hardworking monk Will find my diligent, nameless work, He will light up his lamp, like me - And, shaking off the dust of centuries from the charters, He will rewrite the truthful tales, May the descendants of the Orthodox of their native land know the past fate, They will remember their great kings For their labors, for glory, for good - And for sins, for dark deeds, they humbly beg the Savior.
It turns out that the most important thing in the work of a chronicler is truthfulness. It is the chronicles that enable us, distant descendants, to learn about our ancestors, their deeds, exploits and crimes, ideas about good and evil, which means that the chronicles telling about the past largely determine our present and even the future.
1. Textbook for grade 5, edited by Korovin V.Ya. M. "Enlightenment", 2013. Part 1. Page 48 -52.
Read another excerpt from “The Tale of Bygone Years” - “The Feat of a Kiev Youth.” What are the similarities and differences between these legends included in the chronicle.
6th grade
G.S. Merkin program
Lesson summary
Subject."The Legend of Belgorod Wells."
Target:
recreate the atmosphere of the era during the reports of the “art critic”; form an idea of “The Tale of Belgorod Wells” as part of the chronicle “The Tale of Bygone Years”; to identify the artistic idea of the legend, manifested in the desire of the Belgorod residents to free the Russian land from the invasion;
develop the ability to highlight the main thing in the message of the teacher and students, the skill of expressive reading, and work with illustrations;
cultivate interest in the history and culture of Ancient Rus'.
Equipment: multimedia presentation.
DURING THE CLASSES.
I. Organizing time.
II. Learning new material.
Communicate the topic, purpose, lesson plan.
An ancient Russian chronicler compared books to rivers: “They are rivers that solder the universe” (“The Tale of Bygone Years”).
What is the point of comparison?
Just as rivers irrigate the earth and make it fertile, so books feed the human soul and fill its existence with meaning.
What is an inexhaustible source of knowledge about the history and culture of our homeland for a modern person?
Ancient books, chronicles, teachings, lives, messages, military and everyday stories.
3. Addressing homework. Checking the outline of a textbook article.
How do you understand the words of D.S. Likhachev?
From what sources do we learn about how the life of our distant ancestors developed?
Legend – a folklore work of a historical or legendary nature in a “bookish”, literary adaptation, or a narrative work looking back into the past.
Chronicle – a genre of ancient Russian literature, a historical narrative about events in chronological order. Description of events by year.
4. Message from an “art critic” “Culture of Ancient Rus'”.
1. St. George's Cathedral of the Novgorod Yuryev Monastery.
2.Antonyev Monastery.
3. St. Nicholas Cathedral.
4. Spaso-Mirozhsky Zavelichsky Monastery.
St. George's Church in Staraya Ladoga.
The first in this series, both in time and in significance in construction changes, is the church in the name of St. George the Victorious, erected in 1165. St. George's Church may have been built in honor of the victory of the Ladoga residents and the Novgorod squad over the Swedes in 1164.
The frescoes of the drum, dome, southern adder (“The Miracle of George on the Dragon”) and individual fragments in other places have survived to this day.
Of all the pre-Mongol Novgorod churches, St. George's is the most exquisite in form. It is very compact and proportional. Small in size, it seems to be molded as a single plastic form.
Mstislav Gospel- an outstanding monument of ancient Russian Orthodox culture, a symbol of a new stage in the development of church literature. This manuscript is the oldest copy of the so-called “Russian edition” of the Gospel. The vast majority of Old Russian copies of the Gospel of the XII-XIV centuries. contains text dating back to the edition of the Mstislav Gospel.
The Gospel was written in 1106 in Novgorod by order of Grand Duke Mstislav. For centuries, it, while remaining the standard of sacred gospel texts, was perceived as the spiritual heritage of the nation, an all-Russian Orthodox shrine. It is not without reason that the manuscript, along with ancient Novgorod icons and relics, was transferred by Ivan the Terrible to Moscow and placed in the royal tomb - the Archangel Cathedral of the Moscow Kremlin.
St. Nicholas Cathedral (St. Nicholas Cathedral on Yaroslav's Court)- one of the oldest Novgorod churches. In age it is second only to St. Sophia Cathedral. It was founded in 1113 on the territory of Yaroslav's courtyard by Prince Mstislav Vladimirovich.
Spaso-Mirozhsky Zavelichsky Monastery in Pskov. The exact date of foundation of the monastery is unknown. It is usually dated to the middle of the 12th century. and associated with the name of a Greek by birth, Saint Niphon, Bishop of Novgorod.
The monastery was one of the cultural centers of the city, the Pskov chronicle was kept here, it had a library, a scribes’ workshop (who copied, in particular, “The Tale of Igor’s Campaign”), and an icon-painting workshop. The monastery was rich. Its urban territory of the monastery occupied the entire floodplain of the river. Mirozhi (with mills), river bank Great with forges, utility yards.
What is characteristic of architectural monuments of this period?
5. Message from a “literary scholar” about “The Tale of Bygone Years.”
The collection “The Tale of Bygone Years” was named by literary scholars based on the first lines of the work: “This is the Tale of Bygone Years, where the Russian land came from, who was the first to reign in Kyiv, and where the Russian land began to eat...”.
This is the work of many people; there is Shakhmatov’s hypothesis about its creation. According to Shakhmatov’s hypothesis, the first chronicle collection, called the Most Ancient, was compiled at the metropolitan see in Kyiv, founded in 1037. The source for the chronicler was legends, folk songs, oral stories of contemporaries, and some written documents. The oldest code was continued and supplemented in 1073 by the monk Nikon, one of the founders of the Kyiv Pechersk Monastery. Then in 1093, the abbot of the Kiev-Pechersk Monastery, John, created the Initial Code, which used Novgorod records and Greek sources: “Chronograph according to the Great Exposition”, “Life of Anthony”, etc. The Initial Code was fragmentarily preserved in the initial part of the Novgorod First Chronicle of the Younger Edition . Nestor revised the Initial Code, expanded the historiographical basis and brought Russian history into the framework of traditional Christian historiography. He supplemented the chronicle with the texts of treaties between Rus' and Byzantium and introduced additional historical legends preserved in oral tradition.
According to Shakhmatov, Nestor wrote the first edition of The Tale of Bygone Years in the Kiev Pechersk Monastery in 1110-1112. The second edition was created by Abbot Sylvester in the Kiev Vydubitsky St. Michael's Monastery in 1116. Compared to Nestor's version, the final part was revised. In 1118, the third edition of “The Tale...” was compiled on behalf of the Novgorod prince Mstislav I Vladimirovich.
6. The teacher's word.
“The Tale...” has different styles. It can be divided into two parts.
Historical-ethnographic, associated with Christian mythology (about the division of all lands between the sons of Noah, three sons - Shem, Ham, Japheth. The Slavic tribes went to Japheth. We are the tribe of Japheth). In “The Tale...” an attempt is made to show the place of Rus' in the historical world process.
The legend about the visit to the Slavic lands by the Apostle Andrew says that he visited the territory of Kyiv, blessed these lands and said that there would be a city and many churches here. I couldn’t say anything good about Novgorod, because people, while steaming in the bathhouse, beat themselves with rods. Kyiv and Novgorod are rival cities.
How Kyiv was founded is also described in “The Tale...”, but we talked about this in detail in fifth grade.
Dated part about the Kyiv princes. Rurik - Oleg - Igor, Rurik's son - Olga, Igor's wife - Svyatoslav - Vladimir - Yaroslav - Izyaslav - Vladimir Monomakh, grandson of Yaroslav.
The dated part contains two non-princely legends: about Belgorod jelly and Nikita Kozhemyak.
Based on folk legends, Nestor included in the “Tale of Bygone Years” a story about Belgorod jelly, which the Belgorod residents, on the advice of one elder, poured into a well and thereby convinced the Pechenegs who were besieging them that the land itself fed them.
7. Addressing homework. Artistic retelling of “The Tale of Belgorod Wells.”
Commentary on difficult words: talker, veche, elder, kad, princely medusha, korchaga, patch, basket, siege, bran, Pechenegs.
Medusha - cellar for storing boiled honey and other alcoholic beverages.
Korchaga, an amphora-type vessel with rounded plastic shapes, common in Kievan Rus in the 10th-12th centuries. From the 13th century in Rus', K. called clay vessels in the shape of a pot with a very wide socket.
Latka - g pottery in the form of an oblong bowl, used for frying.
Lukoshko(from bow, luka - “bend, arc”) - a bent box, body, usually made of birch bark or bast.
Bran - a by-product of flour milling. Consists of grain shells and the remains of unsorted flour. Depending on the type of processed grain, there are: wheat, rye, barley, rice, buckwheat, etc.
Pechenegs, Russian name for a people of Turkic origin, to the beginning. X century occupying the steppes between the Don and Danube. They had princes and popular assemblies; were engaged in trade. Since 968 they have continuously attacked the Russians. land.
What character traits of the elder helped the townspeople withstand the siege.
The elder has seen a lot in his lifetime; he has met more than once with the Pechenegs, who are not difficult to deceive. The legend reflected popular ideas about the intelligence and resourcefulness of the Russian people.
How can you evaluate the actions of the Belgorod residents?
The Belgorodians knew that the superior Pecheneg army could be defeated only with patience and wisdom. They believed the wisest of the elders and thereby protected their native land.
What words does the story end with? Are there any similarities in the ending to folk tales? Explain the meaning of the expression “go home.” Make up your own sentence using this expression.
Of all the Slavic languages, the word “vosvoyasi” is found only in Russian. In Ukrainian, Belarusian and Polish they say something completely different: “to the house.”
It was written in three words: “in your own way.”
Modern dictionaries put the labels “colloquial” and “ironic” next to it. This turn of phrase is very common in fairy tales. For example, in the fairy tale about Vasilisa the Wise: “The old man collected in a small chest all the bulls and cows, sheep and rams, a herd of horses, a wide courtyard with mansions, barns and sheds, and many servants. The man took the box and went home.”
8. Referring to the textbook. Reading the article “For you, the curious!”
9. Message from a “literary scholar” about Nestor.
The Monk Nestor the Chronicler was born in the 50s of the 11th century in Kyiv. As a young man he came to the Monk Theodosius and became a novice. The Monk Nestor was tonsured by the successor of the Monk Theodosius, Abbot Stefan. The Monk Nestor deeply valued true knowledge, combined with humility and repentance. “There is great benefit from book learning,” he said. “These are rivers that water the universe, from which wisdom emanates. Books have innumerable depths, we are comforted by them in sorrow, they are the bridle of abstinence. If you diligently look for wisdom in the books, you will gain great benefit for his soul. For he who reads books converses with God or holy men." In the monastery, the Monk Nestor bore the obedience of a chronicler.
The main feat of the life of the Monk Nestor was the compilation of the “Tale of Bygone Years” by 1112-1113. “This is the story of bygone years, where the Russian land came from, who began the reign in Kyiv, and where the Russian land came from” - this is how the Monk Nestor defined the purpose of his work from the first lines. An unusually wide range of sources, interpreted from a single, strictly ecclesiastical point of view, allowed the Monk Nestor to write the history of Rus' as an integral part of world history, the history of the salvation of the human race.
The Monk Nestor died around 1114, bequeathing to the Pechersk monks-chroniclers the continuation of his great work. His successors in chronicling were Abbot Sylvester, who gave a modern look to the “Tale of Bygone Years”, Abbot Moisei Vydubitsky, who extended it until 1200, and finally, Abbot Lavrenty, who in 1377 wrote the oldest copy that has come down to us, preserving the “Tale” of St. Nestor ( "Laurentian Chronicle").
10. Listening to Pimen’s aria from M.P. Mussorgsky’s opera “Boris Godunov.”
How do you imagine an opera hero?
11. Appeal to the illustration of A.S. Pushkin’s tragedy “Boris Godunov” by artist V.A. Favorsky.
What are the similarities and differences between musical and artistic images?
12. Expressive reading by the teacher of a fragment from the Tale of Bygone Years" in Old Russian, from the words "In the summer of 6505. Volodymer went to Novgorod" to the words "and in his own way."
In the summer of 6505. Volodymer marched to Novgorod along the upper reaches of the Pechenegs, but the army never ceased. At the same time, noticing that the prince was gone, Pechenez came and stasha near Belagorod. And you won’t be able to get out of the city. For there was great hunger in the city, and there was no way to help Volodymyr, and there was no way to give him something to drink, and for fear the army had not yet gathered to him, and there were too many bakers. And having longed, the people remained in the city, and the famine was great. And I held a meeting in the city and decided: “We want to die from hunger, but there is no help from the prince. Would we rather die? We’ll give in to the Pechenegs, and whether they’ll revive someone or kill someone, we’re already dying from hunger.” And so the world was created. And one old man was not in the veche, asking: “What have people done in the veche?” And I told him that in the morning I wanted to hand over the people to the Pechenegs. Behold, the elders of the city heard the ambassador and said to them: “I hear that you want to be transferred to the Pecheneg.” They decided: “People should not endure hunger.” And he said to them: “Listen to me, do not surrender in three days, and whatever you command and do.” And they promised to listen for the sake of it. And I said to them: “Gather a handful of oats, or wheat, or a cut.” They walked for the sake of ingratiation. And he ordered the wives to make a cauldron, to boil jelly in it, and he commanded them to dig a well, and put a tub there, and pour a cauldron into it. And he ordered to dig another well and put another tub there. I commanded them to look for honey. As they walked, they took the onion and honey, for the princes of Medusha were buried. And he ordered Velma to pour some water and pour it into the tub and into the other well. The next morning the ambassador was sent to the Pechenegs. The townspeople, walking along the Pecheneg, said: “Take our people to you, and before 10 o’clock, husband, go to the city and see what’s going on in our city.” The liver is glad to the former, imagining that I want to convey, and having chosen the best men in the city and sent them to the city, let them see what is going on in their city. And the city came and people said: “Why are you ruining yourself? If you can stand us? If you stand for 10 years, what can you do for us? We have food from the earth. Even if you don’t believe, let you see with your eyes.” And I brought it to the treasure chest, and scooped it up with a bucket and poured it into the patches. And I cooked in front of them, and as if I had cooked jelly in front of them, I ate, and brought it to another treasure trove, and scooped up my fill, and ate the first bowl ourselves, and then the cookies. And he was surprised and said: “Our princes should not have faith in this unless they eat it themselves.” And the people filled the pot and were full from the treasure and drank the pecheneg. When they came, they told everything that had happened. And I cooked the jelly, and I ate the princes of biscuits and marveled. And they ate their food, but they let them go, and they got up from the hail, and they went on their own.
What is the intonation of the passage?
The intonation of the passage is majestically calm and solemn. The special nature of stress in words, pauses, and short, distinct phrases create a special rhythm characteristic of a piece of music.
IV. Summing up the lesson.
Continue the sentences:
Today in class I learned...
Today in class I realized...
I would like to know…
V. Homework.
3.Draw up a plan for “The Tale of the Ruin of Ryazan by Batu.”
4. Prepare an artistic retelling of an episode of the battle of Evpatiy Kolovrat.
5.Individual tasks:
Prepare reports from a “historian” about Ryazan and the Ryazan princes before Batu’s invasion and about Batu and a “literary scholar” about the time of creation of the “Tale...” and its role in the annals;
Novgorod, Nikolo-Dvorishchensky sopor. Fragment of the fresco "Job on the Rot"
Icon of the Mirozhskaya Mother of God with the upcoming St. Princes Dovmont and Maria Dmitrievna. The monastery was one of the cultural centers of Pskov, the Pskov chronicle was kept here, it had a library, a scribes’ workshop (who copied, in particular, “The Tale of Igor’s Campaign”), and an icon-painting workshop. The monastery was poor.
One more, last legend And my chronicle is finished, The debt bequeathed from the dead to Me, a sinner, has been fulfilled. It is not for nothing that the Lord has made me a Witness for many years and taught me the art of books; Someday, a hardworking monk will find my zealous, nameless work, he will light up his lamp, like me, and, shaking off the dust of centuries from the charters, he will rewrite the true stories, so that the descendants of the Orthodox of their native land will know the past fate, their great kings will be remembered for their labors, for glory, for good, and for sins, for dark deeds, they humbly implore the Savior.
When Volodimer was going to Novgorod in the middle of nowhere, there was a great demon of knocking against the army. At the same time, I am sure that Dasha is worried about her, like the prince is not there, she came and stasha near the city. And not a hundred times howled from the city. Because of hunger, the city was great, and Volodymyr was not allowed to help, and it was not allowed to go to him, and they had not yet gathered troops to him, but there were a lot of bakers. And when the people stood in the city, the famine was great. And she made a decision in the city: “If you want, you will die from hunger, but the prince will not help you. Are you going to die? Let’s go into the famine, and whether they revive someone or kill someone, we are already dying from hunger.” And she created such a saint. And even if only the elder had not asked: “Why did you do this to people?” And I told him that in the morning I wanted the people to transfer it to me.
To answer the question, a brief retelling of the fairy tale about Belgorod jelly. a brief retelling of the tale of Belgorod jelly given by the author Ilya Karmatsky the best answer is The Pechenegs came and stood near Belgorod. A severe famine began in the besieged city. The inhabitants of the city gathered a veche and decided to kill each other so as not to surrender to their enemies alive. But one of the elders asked to wait three days. He ordered the women to collect the remains of the oats and make a mash from it, from which they make jelly. Then he told them to find some honey and make sytu (sweet honey syrup). He ordered the men to dig two wells. Insert a tub with mash into one, and into the second - with honey.
The next day the old man ordered to send for the Pechenegs to begin negotiations. They were delighted, decided that the city wanted to surrender, and sent their representatives. The Belgorodians brought them to the city and said: “Why are you ruining yourself? Is it possible to defeat us? If you stand for ten years, what will you do to us? For we have food from the earth.” And they led them to a well in which there was a chatterbox. They took it out and made jelly. And from another well they took out sweet food.
The surprised Pechenegs tasted the well-fed jelly and realized that they could not defeat the people whom the earth feeds. They got up and walked away from the city.
Answer from ¦Er?¦ ???u??[guru]
There's not much there, read it
In the summer of 997. The Pechenegs arrived and stood near Belgorod. And they didn’t let me leave the city. The siege dragged on, and there was severe famine in the city.
And they assembled a council in the city and said:
- We'll soon die of hunger. Let's surrender to the Pechenegs - maybe they'll leave at least someone alive, otherwise we'll all die.
One elder, who was not at the veche, asked: “Why was there a veche?” And the people told him that in the morning they wanted to surrender to the Pechenegs. Hearing about this, he sent for the city elders and said to them:
- Listen to me, don’t give up for three more days and do what I tell you.
They happily promised to obey.
And he said to them:
- Collect at least a handful of oats, wheat or bran.
They collected. And he ordered the women to make a mash, from which jelly is boiled, dig a well, and pour the mash into a tub and lower it into the well. And he ordered to dig another well, and insert a tub into it, and look for honey. We found a basket of honey in the prince's pantry. And he ordered the honey to be diluted and poured into a tub in the second well.
The next morning he ordered to send for the Pechenegs. And the townspeople said when they came to the Pechenegs:
“Take hostages from us, and send ten men yourself to see what’s going on in our city.”
The Pechenegs were delighted, thinking that they wanted to surrender to them, they chose the best husbands and sent them to the city.
And they came to the city, and the people said to them:
- Why are you ruining yourself? Can you stand us? Even if you stand for ten years, what will you do to us? For we have food from the earth. If you don't believe me, see with your own eyes.
And they led them to the well, where there was jelly, and they scooped them up with a bucket and poured them into pots. And when they had cooked the jelly, they took it and came to another well, and drew some honey, and began to eat it themselves and gave it to the Pechenegs. And the Pechenegs were surprised and said: “Our princes will not believe us unless they taste it themselves.”
The people poured a pot of jelly and honey from the well and gave it to the Pechenegs. They returned and told everything that had happened. And, having cooked it, the Pecheneg princes ate it and marveled. And, having released the hostages, they got up and went home from the city.
Answer from Daniil Karlov[active]
Too lazy to read?
Answer from Vladislav Terekhova[newbie]
Danil Karlov, yes!
Answer from Ekaterina Shirinkina[newbie]
This happened in those distant times, when Kievan Rus was often attacked by steppe peoples. Some of them, the Pechenegs, once came to Belgorod, but were unable to take it by storm. They then surrounded the city and put it under siege. The state of siege lasted for a long time. Hunger has set in. The exhausted people became so desperate that they were about to surrender to the Pechenegs. They gathered a veche (a people's assembly in ancient Rus') and said: “Is it better for us to die like this? - let’s surrender to the Pechenegs - let some be left alive and some let them be killed; We’re already dying of hunger anyway.” Then one old man stood up and gave smart advice. He suggested not surrendering to the enemies, but trying to outwit them. The old man gave the task to collect at least one handful of oats, wheat or bran from each yard. When all this was collected, the women made a mash, dug a well, put a kad (large tub) in it and poured the mash into it.
The next day, several Pechenegs were invited to the city for negotiations. Seeing how Russian people take food out of the well and eat it, the Pechenegs were very surprised. And the townspeople said: “Can you outlast us? If you stand there for ten years, what will you do to us? For we have food from the earth." The Pechenegs decided that the land itself fed the Belgorod residents. This means they won’t be able to stand up to the Russians. So the enemies left the city walls with nothing.
Answer from Kristalina Mina[newbie]
The legend talks about the cunning of the old man. When the Pechenegs besieged the city and there was nothing to eat, the inhabitants of the city called a meeting, and the elder was told that the inhabitants of the city would not last long because of the siege. The elder ordered to take the remaining flour (grain, bran) into one tub and honey into another. The tubs were placed in wells. Then they called the Pechenegs into the city and told them that the land itself provides food, they took food out of the well and fed the Pechenegs. The Pechenegs realized that they could not starve out the city and left
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