Shan-girei. Khan Giray: biography. Gireyev Dynasty Maria Akimovna Shan Girey

Karakalpaks

1. Kuchumovichi .

The descendants of the Siberian Khan Kuchum, who ruled there, could remain among the Karakalpaks. The founder of the dynasty was

Kuchuk,
son of Abulai,
son of Ishim,
son of Kuchum.

Kuchuk had a son, Sultan-Murat, and a nephew, Ishim, who ruled among the Karakalpaks. Later, this dynasty was removed from power by the Kazakh Chingizids.

2. Karakalpak tores .

According to oral information received from the descendants of the Kazakh Tores in Karakalpakstan, there are two Tore lines, descendants of the brothers Kaip Khan and Bori Tore. They were sons

Batyr Khan,
son of Kaip Khan the eldest,
son of Xrau,
son of Syrdak,
son of Kudaimende,
son of Ishim Khan of Kazakh,
son of Shigai Khan,
son Jadik,
son of Janibek Khan Kazakh (we will consider his genealogy and haplotype below in the chapter about Kazakh Torah).

The descendants of Kaip Khan included the last khan of the Karakalpaks, Muhammad Zarlyk-tore,
son of Abulgazy,
son of Kaip Khan.

Crimean Gireys.

In the 15th century, Ulug-Muhammad's cousin, Hadji Giray, founded the dynasty of Crimean khans, which still exists today. His genealogy:

Hadji-Girey,
son of Ghiyasaddin,
son of Tash-Timur,
son of Jansa,
son of Tulek-Timur,
son of Kunchek,
son of Sarichi,
son of Uran-Timur,
son of Tuk-Timur,
son of Jochi,
son of Genghis Khan.

All lines of the Crimean khans go back to Hadji Selim I Giray. His genealogy:

Hadji Selim I Giray,
son of Bahadur I Giray,
son of Selyamet I Giray,
son of Devlet I Giray,
son of Mubarak-Girey,
son of Mengli I Giray,
son Hadji-Girey (see above).

After Russia conquered the Crimean Khanate, the Girays split into several branches:

1. Russian Girays .

These are the descendants of the last Crimean Khan Shahin-Girey, they live in Russia, in Rostov-on-Don. Another branch of his descendants lives in Bursa and Istanbul.

Descendants also live in Russia

Alexander Ivanovich Krym-Girey,
son of Selim III Giray,
son of Fetikh II Giray,
son of Devlet II Giray,
son of Hadji Selim I Giray,
son of Bahadur I Giray,
son of Selyamet I Giray,
son of Devlet I Giray,
son of Mubarak-Girey,
son of Mengli I Giray,
son Hadji-Girey (see above).

Sultan A.I. Crimea-Girey, under the influence of Scottish missionaries, accepted the Christian faith, then went to study in St. Petersburg, and continued his studies at the University of Edinburgh, where he lived for several years. There he married the daughter of a wealthy British man. The girl's father was against this marriage, but could not do anything except deprive her of her inheritance. Together with her husband, she left her native Edinburgh to settle with him in Crimea. Her name was Anna Yakovlevna Krym-Girey (née Neilson). Their descendants live in Crimea.

Another descendant of the Crimean khans was Vasily Dmitrievich Simov-Girey, the son of Dmitry Simovkhan Selim-Girey. Vasily studied at Norfolk, Bern, and Zurich universities, worked on the construction of the Panama Canal, then in Egypt, Germany, Central America, and Japan. He is a holder of the orders of Stanislav, Anna, and Vladimir. As a famous engineer, V.D. Simov-Girey was seconded to the Headquarters of the Commander-in-Chief of the Russian Army in the First World War. For participating and speaking at a rally in Mogilev after the February Revolution, he was expelled from the army and sent to work on the Kola Peninsula. He took part in the construction of the Kashira power station and the Belomor Canal. He came to Stepnyak (Kazakhstan) on an urgent business trip, and lived here for 25 years until his death. Unfortunately, he has no descendants left.

Tamarin-Meretsky Alexander Alexandrovich (1882 - 09/16/1938) Born. in the village of Bakhche-Eli, Feodosia district, Tauride province, Crimean Tatar. Until 1918, the name and surname were Khan-Girey. Graduated from the Forestry Institute.

He worked as a journalist and war correspondent for the popular all-Russian newspapers Den and Morning of Russia.

Lieutenant of the Tsar's army. Participant of the 1st World War. He served in staff positions in the “Wild” Mountain Cavalry Division.

In 1917 - participant in the speech of General L. Kornilov.
From the end of 1917 - in the Red Guard, Red Army. Participant in the Civil War.
In 1920-23 - division commander, army commander on the Turkestan front.
In 1925 he was transferred to the reserve due to illness. He lived in Moscow, received a pension, and occasionally published essays in various newspapers, including Komsomolskaya Pravda.
On April 8, 1927, he was arrested by the OGPU on suspicion of involvement in a military conspiracy of former officers of the tsarist army. Sentenced to 3 years in the camps. I sat in the Vishera branch of SLON (Solovetsky Special Purpose Camp). He was in charge of the camp greenhouse and grew roses.
On September 3, 1929, the case was reviewed and at a meeting of the Special Meeting (OSO) of the NKVD SSSO (i.e., without trial), the term was reduced to 2.5 years.
However, in the same 1929, the case was again reviewed by the OSO and the term was increased to 7 years in the labor camp.
On October 3, 1932 he was released and remained to work in the Dalstoy trust of the NKVD of the USSR under a contract as the head of the agricultural base at the Okeanskaya station (near Vladivostok). He was engaged in the cultivation of fruit and vegetable crops in greenhouses.
On March 22, 1935, by resolution of the Central Executive Committee of the USSR, his criminal record was cleared for exemplary work.
Since November 1935 - employee (in fact, scientific director) of the agricultural base in Nagaevo Bay (near Magadan).
Since June 1936 - first manager of the Kolyma experimental agricultural station.
In November 1937 he went on vacation to the mainland.
In April 1938 he was dismissed for not returning from work leave.
Before the introduction of official military ranks of the Red Army (1935) - had three diamonds in the buttonholes, i.e. corps commander.
He developed a frost-resistant variety of cabbage, “Tamarin Hybrid,” and hybrid varieties of potatoes and roses.
Arrested 05/10/1938. Sentenced by the USSR High Command on September 16, 1938, on charges of espionage and participation in a counter-revolutionary terrorist organization. Shot on September 16, 1938. Rehabilitated 03/04/1958.
Burial place: Kommunarka.

Anna Ivanovna Girey (?-1827) Genealogy unknown. Goddaughter of General Raevsky. She was a friend of A.S. Pushkin, became the prototype of the Circassian woman from “Prisoner of the Caucasus”. As for the poem “The Bakhchisarai Fountain,” which was written in Chisinau, we must agree that the prototypes of the main characters Maria Pototskaya and Zarema were the Raevsky sisters and Anna Giray. Elena is Maria Pototskaya, tender and sad, with whom Khan Giray is passionately in love. This hypothesis was expressed back in 1923 by D.S. Darsky.

2. Many Gireys emigrated to Turkey .

The position of the Gireys in Turkey was well described by Smirnov: “The generation of Chingizids, who had long been established in Turkish possessions, was so numerous there that, it seems, they have not died out to this day. But only with the loss of political significance did the Girey family take on a completely different character in their private life as ordinary inhabitants and subjects of the Otoman Empire. The Tatar princes, having multiplied in Rumelia, became a pure burden for the Porte.”

If the descendants of the Crimean khans survive among the Turks, then they must be looked for in Rumelia: among the Turks in Bulgaria and the European part of Turkey.

The most famous descendant of the Girays in Turkey was Ahmed Tevfik Pasha (1845-1936). This descendant of the dynasty of the Crimean khans Giray, the last Ottoman sadrazam (head of the Sultan's government), enjoying enormous authority among his contemporaries, since 1908 he headed the cabinet of ministers four times, and three times - in the most critical moments of the state's existence - between 1918 and 1922.

3. Caucasian (mostly Adyghe) Gireys

The founder of one line of Adyghe Gireys was Islam-Girey, the son of Azamat-Girey, son of Hadji-Selim I Giray. He “left Crimea because of a quarrel with the ruler of Crimea,” the founder of the Adyghe surname Khan-Girei. According to family legend, he moved to the Caucasus from Rumelia, a Turkish province in the Balkans. He was a brave man and had a remarkable mind. Anticipating the decline of Crimea, he concluded an agreement favorable for himself and his descendants with the Bzhedug princes who accepted him.

The most prominent representative of this clan was

Khan-Girey (1808-1842),
son of Magmet-Girey,
son of Aslan-Girey,
son of Sagat-Girey,
son Islam-Girey.

Khan-Girey lived a complex, but bright and eventful life, leaving behind his works. He was the first among the Circassians and among the Russians who compiled a detailed, reliable and fascinatingly written description of the life, beliefs, customary law and epic of his native Circassian people. The discoverer and explorer of Khan-Girey in Soviet times, M.O. Kosven wrote in 1961 that the works of Khan-Girey still remain the most valuable historical and ethnographic sources of everything that was written about the Circassians in the entire pre-revolutionary period. It should be noted here that Khan-Girey’s works aroused a certain interest among famous Russian and foreign Caucasian scholars and the foreign press. They were used in his works by the Russian Caucasus expert Vs. Miller and the English scientist J. Bell, and “Circassian Legends” was published in German.

Khan-Girey's brother, Adil Giray (1819-12/30/1876), is known as a writer and officer.

Another famous representative of this clan was

Dovlet Girey (1876-1918),
son of Selet-Girey,
son Kaplan Giray,
son of Aslan-Girey,
son of Sagat-Girey,
son Islam-Girey.

At the age of five, Dovlet was taken to be raised in Egypt by his father’s foster brother. He returned to Russia at the age of fourteen. Less than a year later he was accepted to study at the Istanbul Cavalry School and was graduated as a cornet. With the permission of Nicholas I, he served twice in Turkey, remaining a Russian subject. Dovlet Girey is considered the founder of the Adyghe theater and the first screenwriter.

The Caucasian Gireys also included:

Sultan Crimea-Girey Inatov (08/15/1843-?), son of Sultan Inat-Girey, famous Adyghe educator.

Kazy-Girey Bakhtygireevich (1807-04/13/1863), nephew of Lieutenant General Sultan Mengli-Girey and Major General Sultan Azamat-Girey who lived in Transkuban. In 1836, in the first and second issues of the Sovremennik magazine, published in St. Petersburg, the essays “Azhitugai Valley” and “Persian Anecdote” by a previously unknown author, Kazy-Girey, were published. Right there in the note of the publisher, who was A.S. Pushkin, it was said: “This is an unexpected phenomenon in our literature! The son of the half-wild Caucasus joins the ranks of our writers...” V.G. Belinsky, having read the essays, spoke enthusiastically about the author, saying that he “... speaks Russian better than many of our honorable writers.”

Kylych Girey Shakhanovich (1880-17.1.1947), prince, one of the leaders of the mountain nationalist movement, major general of the White Army (1918), collaborated with Germany in the Second World War, for which he was sentenced to death in the USSR. His descendants live in Adygea. His brother Baizet-Girey was a full Knight of St. George and died back in 1918.

Also, the following Shan-Gireys apparently belonged to the Adyghe Gireys:

Pavel Petrovich Shan-Girey (1795-1864), head of the family, staff captain, prototype of the hero of Lermontov's essay "The Caucasian". His stories about the Caucasian War served as material for the poet’s early works.

Akim Pavlovich Shan-Girey (1818-1883), son of Pavel Shan-Girey and Maria Akimovna, cousin of Mikhail Yuryevich Lermontov.

Sultan Kadir Giray,
son of Azamat Girey,
son of Selim Giray (according to another version Sagat Giray),
son of Selim Giray,
son of Devlet IV Giray,
son of Arslan-Girey,
son of Devlet II Giray,
son of Hadji Selim I Giray.

A well-known figure of that time, Prince Kadir Giray (1891-1953) was a colonel in the tsarist army, wounded during the civil war on 01/05/1920. He emigrated from the Caucasus in 1921 to Turkey, and from there to the USA, founded the “Circassian-Georgian Society” in the USA.

His son Chingiz Giray (1921-) became even more famous than his father.
Chingiz studied at the prestigious Yale University in the same class as future President George H. W. Bush.
During World War II, Chingiz served in American intelligence. Chingiz Giray was also a writer and poet, author of the book “The Shadow of Power,” which became a bestseller in its time.
As a very young officer in the American Army during the Second World War, he had to play a responsible role - the chief of the Russian section of the Liaison Department between the American and Soviet commands in Austria. After the war, he participated in the American delegation to the Peace Conference in Moscow in 1947.

Azamat Giray (08/14/1924-08/08/2001), youngest son of Sultan Kadir Girey. He declared himself the head of the Girey house. He was married twice: his first wife was Sylvia Obolenskaya (1931-1997). From this marriage (1957-1963) were born a daughter, Selima (born January 15, 1960), a son, Kadir Devlet Giray (born, March 29, 1961), and a son, Adil Sagat Giray (born, March 6, 1964). Second wife: Federica Anna Siegrist. From this marriage Caspian Giray was born (born 03/09/1972).

Selima married Derek Godard in 1996 and gave birth to a daughter, Alice Leila Godard, in 1998.

Kadir Devlet Giray married Sarah Wentworth-Stanley in 1990. He has a son, Chingiz Karim Sultan-Girey (born 1992) and a daughter, Tazha Sofia (born 1994).

Adil Sagat Giray married Maria Sarah Peto in 2001. In 2002, his son Temujin Serge Giray was born.

Kadir Devlet Giray and Adil Sagat Giray are professional musicians who played in the group Funkapolitan. Adil Sagat Giray is a composer who writes soundtracks and melodies in various genres. (www.sagatguirey.com)

After the death of Azamat Giray in the Bahamas, Jezzar Raja Pamir Giray became the head of the Giray house. He graduated from Oxford. On July 28, 1993, he came to the kurultai of the Crimean Tatars in Simferopol and spoke before them as the prince of the house of Giray. Jezzar Giray is the owner of Giray Design Company. There was no response to my requests to provide my genealogy and take an (anonymous) DNA test.

Nogai Chingizids

1. Dzhanibekovs .

Many people knew that the pedigree of Liliya Munirovna Dzhanibekova, the first wife of cosmonaut Vladimir Aleksandrovich Dzhanibekov, comes from the Khan of the Golden Horde Dzhanibek, the son of Khan Uzbek. Subsequently, in the 19th century, the descendants of the khans became enlighteners, the founders of Nogai writing and literature. Munir Dzhanibekov (father of Lilia Munirovna), being the father of two daughters, turned out to be the last man in this dynasty. At the council of the parents of the newlyweds, the parties agreed that Vladimir Alexandrovich, whom Munir Agha considered his son, would take his wife’s surname and thereby continue the Dzhanibekov family.

We are inclined to believe that this surname did not come from Janibek, Khan of the Golden Horde, but from the Kazakh Khan Janibek. In the oral literature of nomads they are often confused. The basis for this position is the news of Akhmed-Girey’s migration to Kuban.

Ahmed-Girey,
son of Khak-nazar Khan,
son of Kasim Khan,
son of Janibek Khan.

Akhmed-Girey, a Kazakh Chingizid who ruled among the Bashkirs and migrated with the Nogais from Bashkiria shortly after the fall of Kazan and the split of the Nogai Horde.

Among the Nogai Horde lived Chingizids of three lines that went back to Jochi: Astrakhan, Kazakh Chingizids (descendants of the 13th son of Jochi) and Shibanids (descendants of the fifth son of Jochi). Their descendants could hypothetically exist among modern Nogais.

Tarkovsky shauhals

There is no clear answer in the literature as to whether the Kumyk Shaukhals descend from the Chingizids. Khanmurzaev I.I. and Idrisov Yu.M. believe that the Shauhals have common ancestors with the Crimean Girays, Aliev K.M. has a different point of view. Perhaps a comparison of the haplotypes of Kumyk Shauhals and Kazakh Tores will help solve this problem. It should also be taken into account that the descendants of the Tarkov shauhals are very numerous in the Caucasus.

The descendants of the Shaukhals in the Caucasus include the Avar khans, Arguani and Andean beks, the Gonadin, Gotsatlin, Teletlin princes, the Turlov princes and the Chechen princely families of the Aidemirovs and Khasbulatovs, the Shamkhalovs (Andean), the Karachay princes of the Crimea-Shaukhals, the Gidatlin Shaukhals, who came from them, Abkhaz princes Achba, some Ingush teips, Kumyk families Tarkovsky, Buynaksky, Shamkhalov, Mehti-Shamkhalov, Bek-Murzaev, various Chanks (descendants of Shaukhals from concubines), princes Buynaksky, Gillinsky and Torkalinsky beks, princes Alypkachevs, Kapchugaysky beks (Kazanalipovs), Gubdensky and Kadar beks, Bekmurzaev-Kuban (Russified branch), Bammatulinsky beks, Kumyk princely families: Aidemirovs, Temirovs, Kazanalipovs, Murtuzali-Adzhievs (Murat Adzhi comes from this family), Utsmievs, Kaplanovs, Alibekovs, Eldarovs, Arslanbekovs, Khamzins (Khamzae you, Alishevs), Mekhtulin khans, Kazi-Kumuk princes and the Polish branch of the Tarkovskys, where Arseny and Andrei Tarkovsky came from.

Kirghiz Chingizids

Let us quote a letter from one Kyrgyz, whose grandfather hypothetically belonged to the Chingizids: “I still carefully studied old books about sanzhyr. And I came across the fact that there are two versions about the origin of the caps. One version says that Er Eshim (Kazakh Khan Ishim, son of Shigai, son of Jadik, son of Janibek Khan) married the concubine of Tursunkhan (Shibanid, descendant of the fifth son of Jochi), and the children born from this marriage belong to the Kolpoch tribe. Another version says, in support of which I once heard from the lips of knowledgeable aksakals of Talas, that during the raid on Tursunkhan, one of the batyrs of the saruu Tontert clan got Tursunkhan’s pregnant concubine. She gave birth to a son named Zhanchakty, and his descendants today make up the Kolpoch tribe. My tayata (mother’s father) is a member of the Kolpoch tribe, his pedigree is presented as follows.” Next came the pedigree.

According to haplogroup, he belongs to C3 (ID HGZPP), to the same subgroup as the Kazakh Chingizids with RecLOH in DYS 448, but, apparently, a representative of the Kolpoch clan has an ancestor with the Kazakh Chingizids before Chingiz Khan.

Kazakh Chingizids

Today, the Kazakh Chingizids are quite equal in number to the Mongolian Chingizids and outnumber the Chingizids in other ethnic groups. Due to the fact that Russian-speaking readers can get acquainted with the biographies of Kazakh Torahs from the books of Erofeeva I.V. and other sources, we will not describe this clan too much.

Most of the Kazakh Chingizids come from
Khan Janibek,
son of Barak Khan,
son of Kuyurchuk,
son of Urus Khan,
son Badyk,
son of Timur Khoja,
son of Bakubuki,
son Achik,
son of Uran-Timur,
son of Tuk-Timur,
son of Jochi,
son of Genghis Khan.

1. Urushanids

Janibek had 9 children, of whom the descendants of three children live in Kazakhstan.

1.1. Descendants of Jadik. This is the largest group. This includes the descendants of Tauke Khan, Barak Khan, Kushik Khan, Kaip Khan, Abylaykhan, Sultanbet, Babak Sultan, Karabay, etc. Most of the Kazakh Chingizids come from this dynasty group.
This clan (except for the Kazakh khans) includes Shokan Valikhanov, Alikhan Bukekhanov, Terzek-Tore, Rustem Tentek-Tore, Syzdyk Kenesarin, Maki, Shotaman, Sultangazhi, Ermukhan Bekmakhanov, Nurlan Amrekulov, Elizaveta Sadvakasova, Sryoy Burakhanov, Majanov Burakhanov. , Bakhytzhan, Erulan, Serzhan Kanapyanovs, Akhmet and Salimgirey Zhantorins, Akhmedkazy Chutaev, Mukhtar Dzhakishev, etc.

The registered descendant of this clan in the www.ysearch.org database has User ID 9245Z. His close relative is registered under User ID CQYS8.
They are both descendants of Sultan Barak.

1.2. Usek's descendants represent the main line from Abulkhair Khan, although there are many related but small lines. From here came the only Kazakh family awarded princely dignity in Russia - these were the children of Khan Dzhangir, who called themselves Chinggis. The 3 sons of Khan Dzhangir were granted princes of the Russian Empire: All of them had the surname Genghis and the family coat of arms. The first prince of Chinggis was Sahib-Girey, who was granted this title on June 25, 1847. The second prince of Chinggis was Ibrahim-Girey, who was granted this title on February 23, 1853. The third prince of Chinggis was Akhmed-Girey, who was granted this title on April 30, 1870. In total, during the entire existence of the Russian Empire there were only 33 granted princes.
Of the sons of Khan Zhangir, the most famous is Gubaidulla, also a graduate of the capital's privileged Corps of Pages. He became the first Kazakh - full general of the military branch.
The registered descendant of this clan in the www.ysearch.org database has User ID BK4A3. He is a direct descendant of Khan Abulkhair. The descendants of this clan are such people as Dauletkerei, Maya Shigaeva, Dias, Gabdolkhakim, Khazikhan, Nausha Bukeikhanovs, Marat, Rustem, Zhikhanshah, Almuhammed and Tuleu Seydalins, Kambar Medetov, Sanjar Asfandeyarov, Bakhytzhan Karataev, Amantay Almukambet

1.3. Descendants of Kasim. Mentioned only by Shotaman Valikhanov, although this group is not recorded anywhere in other historical sources. Previously, I had serious questions about this group until I saw the shezhere of the Shekti clan (http://www.elim.tustyle.com/files_kishi/alimyly/shekti.rar), where this branch is registered as part of the Shekti clan. At the same time, Madeli, one of the ancestors of the branch, is called the zhien of Kunbibi-Kuba (maternal grandfather). This version is probably based on the genealogical traditions of the Shekta family. Therefore, we will now attribute this branch to the hypothetical Chingizids. To check the version, representatives of this type should undergo a DNA analysis, which can be compared with DNA analyzes of the Tore. We paid for the results of the analysis of a representative of this clan.

2. Shibanids .

The second group of Kazakh Chingizids emerged from the Khorezm Shaybanids, who fled to the Kazakh steppes. These are the descendants of Hadji Mohammed, the Khan of Khiva.

His genealogy:

Haji Mohammed,
son of Akatai Khan,
son of Aminek Khan,
son of Yadiger Khan,
son of Timur Sheikh,
son of Timur Khoja,
son of the Arab Shah,
son of Pulad,
son of Mengu-Timur,
son of Badakul,
son of Jochi-Buki,
son of Bahadur,
son of Shiban,
son of Jochi,
son of Genghis Khan.

A descendant of Haji Muhammad was Jochi, who had two sons - Shah Niyaz (father of Ilbars Khan) and Musa Khan (father of Shah Timur). The cousins' children moved separately to Kazakhstan. After the death of Shah Timur Khan in 1737, his widow and children moved to her father Bulkhair Sultan, brother of Abulkhair Khan. Now these descendants of the Shibanids live in Kazakhstan.

3. Jadiger-tore :

The registered descendant of this clan in the www.ysearch.org database has User ID WJKAQ. If the history with the previous clans is clear, then about the Jadiger Tore we can only speculate. The origin of the clan is not known for certain. This clan mainly lives in the Kyzyl-Orda region.

We have put forward two full-fledged versions of the origin of the clan:

1. Jadiger-tore – descendants of the Khorezm Shibanids (descendants of Yadiger)

2. Zhadiger-tore - descendants of Kazakh tores, dating back to the general Kazakh khan Janibek. Most likely, they come from a group of descendants of Jadic.

The clan's shezhere ends at Zhadiger-tor. According to oral information from one of the descendants of the clan, Jadiger’s father was either Janibek or Abulkhair. In this regard, we put forward the version that the ancestor of the clan was Janibek, the son-in-law of Khan Abulkhair. The genealogy of this Janibek is unknown. He could equally well be a descendant of Janibek Khan and a descendant of the Khorezm Shibanids.
I think that DNA analysis data, with a certain representativeness and mass scale, will be able to help us determine the place of the Jadiger Tore among the Chingizids. There are two options for genealogical layouts:
1. Common ancestor Jochi (1182-1227) or
2. Common ancestor Khan Janibek (born before 1428 - died after 1470).

4. Among the Kazakh Naiman

one of the clans has a legend that their ancestor in the male line was a Shibanid. Karakerei had a son, Baytore, and he had a son, Bayys.

Bayys's daughter Makta Apai married Toktar-kozhu, the son of Saibek Khan, and gave birth to two sons from him - Erdzhigit and Baydzhigit. Epdzhigit goes with his father to Turkestan, Baydzhigit remains here and becomes the ancestor of this clan. Kabanbai batyr (Erasyl, son of Khojagul, son of Mambet, son of Baydzhigit) belonged to this clan. At the moment we are going to take samples from one of the representatives of this clan.

<Haplogroup C3

Three branches of the Kazakh Chingizids belong to haplogroup C3 and have a characteristic mutation: RecLOH in DYS 448. The allele was nullified most likely before Chingiz Khan, since several Poles, Kyrgyz, and Kazakhs from the Ysty clan have the same mark.

Haplotype of Barak's descendant (in FTDNA format):

Haplotype of Abulkhair's descendant:

14 24 15 11 12 14 11 13 12 13 11 29 16 8 8 11 12 30 14 0 28 11 12 12 17

The difference between two Chingizids on two markers out of 25 (highlighted).

Formally, this difference is approximately 600 years from the common ancestor, but the error in such a calculation for two haplotypes is at least plus or minus 300-400 years. According to genealogical data, their common ancestor was Khan Janibek (born before 1428 - died after 1470), which does not contradict DNA analysis data.

The descendants of Barak and Abulkhair analyzed 67 markers, in contrast to Jadiger Tore, who has so far limited himself to 25 markers.

Jadiger-tore haplotype:

14 24 15 10 12 14 11 13 12 13 11 29 15 8 8 11 12 29 14 0 29 11 12 12 18

Difference from the descendant of Barak on three markers out of 25 (marked), difference from the descendant of Abulkhair on 5 markers out of 25.

5 mutations on three 25-marker haplotypes indicate that the common ancestor of all three lived 925 years ago, that is, in the late 1000s, with an error of approximately 100-200 years. This does not contradict the fact that their common ancestor is indeed Genghis Khan or Jochi. But for now, due to the small amount of data, we cannot talk about this with 100% confidence; we need to increase the number of analyzes, at least to 10 people from different lines.

From this point of view, it is very interesting to compare the DNA of modern Chingizids with Xiongnu burials in Mongolia (third burial sector). On 12 markers, the haplotype from burials looks like this:

13 24 15 10 12 15 x x x x 11 29

X means that the value of this token is unknown.

The differences of this haplotype from the Chingizids on two out of eight markers (average mutation rate of 0.00194 per marker per generation) indicates their common ancestor, who lived approximately 1850 years ago, that is, the second half of the 2nd century AD, give or take at least a century. The dating of the burial - the 3rd century AD (the time of burial of people from the 3rd sector) indicates that, most likely, Xianbeans were buried there, possibly Tanshihai himself and his family.

Based on all of the above, we can claim that we have become aware of the haplotype of the Kazakh Khan Janibek:

14 24 15 10 12 14 11 13 12 13 11 29 16 8 8 11 12 30 14 0 28 11 12 12 18

Some variations are possible, but in general the haplotype was like this.

We have generally outlined the genealogical picture of the Chingizids. Now our task is to collect the genetic picture of the Chingizids and, by overlapping each other, answer some questions that were almost impossible to answer using traditional historical methods (critical source study, etc.), for example, the question of whether Jochi was the genetic son of Chingiz Khan, or checking versions of the origin of any family from Jochi and Genghis Khan. But consideration of this issue will be possible only by collecting DNA samples from the majority of Chingizids and the descendants of his brothers known to us.

Literature

1. Sabitov Zh.M. "Genealogy of the Torah". Almaty. 2008. pp. 83-90.

2. Sabitov Zh.M. "Genealogy of the Torah" Almaty. 2008. pp. 266-268.

4. Sabitov Zh.M. "Genealogy of the Torah" Almaty. 2008. pp. 274-278

5. History of Kazakhstan in Persian sources. Volume 3. Almaty. 2006. p. 196.

6. History of Kazakhstan from ancient times to the present day in five volumes. T.3.
Almaty. 2000. pp. 279-280

7. “The history of India. As Told By Its Own Historians.” Edited by Prof. John Dowson. 1956 Calcutta. "The history of the Arghuns and Tarkhans of Sind". Siddiqi, Mahmudul Hasan, and Mīr Muḥammad Maqṣūm. Hyderabad, Pakistan: Institute of Sindhology, University of Sindh, 1972.

8. Gaivoronsky O. “Lords of two continents.” Kyiv. 2007. p. 22

9. Zaitsev I.V. “Between Moscow and Istanbul” M. 2004. p. 93, Sabitov Zh.M. "Genealogy of the Torah" Almaty. 2008. p. 57

10. Dumin S.V. "Tatar princes in Lithuania." http://www.misharlar.ru/tttzliet.html

11. Dziadulewicz Stanisław “Herbarz rodzin tatarskich w Polsce” Wilno. 1929.

12. Grishin Ya.Ya. “Polish-Lithuanian Tatars: a look through the centuries” Kazan. 2000., Grishin Y.Ya. “Polish-Lithuanian Tatars: heirs of the Golden Horde” Kazan. 1995.

13. Neagu Djuvara “Iarasi despre Negru Voda si "Descalecatoare"" http://www.itcnet.ro/history/archive/mi200...rrent8/mi53.htm

14. Gardner L. The Realms of the Lords of the Rings: Beyond the Twilight World / Lawrence Gardner. - Per. from English K. Savelyeva. - M.: FAIR PRESS, 2003. p. 334.

15. Collection of materials related to the history of the Golden Horde T. 2: Extracts from Persian works / Comp. V. G. Tizenhausen, adaptation by A. A. Romaskevich and S. L. Volin., M, L 1941. p. 141

16. Sabitov Zh.M. "Genealogy of the Torah" Almaty. 2008. pp. 35-38.

17. Sabitov Zh.M. "Genealogy of the Torah" Almaty. 2008. p. 80

19. Sabitov Zh.M. "Genealogy of the Torah" Almaty. 2008. p. 49.

20. The article will be published in the collection: All-Russian scientific conference, held on May 20, 2008 “Political and socio-economic history of medieval Turkic-Tatar states (XV - third quarter of the XVIII century)”.

21. Sabitov Zh.M. "Genealogy of the Torah" Almaty. 2008. pp. 80-81.

22. Sabitov Zh.M. "Genealogy of the Torah" Almaty. 2008. p. 98.

23. Sabitov Zh.M. "Genealogy of the Torah" Almaty. 2008. p. 113.

24. A. Lyusy. “Angel of Consolation” // “October, 1997, No. 6, p.171-174/

25. Sabitov Zh.M. "Genealogy of the Torah" Almaty. 2008. pp. 90-91.

26. Vershigora A.D. “Genealogy of the Adyghe enlightener Sultan Khan Giray. //Genealogy of the North Caucasus. No. 2 pp. 14-28

27. Khanmurzaev I.I., Idrisov Yu.M. The problem of the formation of the medieval Kumyk state of Shaukhalstvo in the context of the political heritage of Ulus Jochi in the North Caucasus // Golden Horde civilization. Digest of articles. Issue 1. – Kazan: 2008. Pp. 127-128

28. Aliev K.M. “Shaukhaly Tarkovsky” Makhachkala. 2008.

29. A detailed genealogy of the Kazakh Chingizids can be seen in the book by Sabitov Zh.M. "Genealogy of the Torah" Almaty. 2008. pp. 139-266.

The Girey dynasty ruled the Crimean Khanate for almost 350 years. It revealed to the world many famous personalities, some of whom were outstanding statesmen, while others found their calling in serving science and culture. The last type included the famous art critic and ethnographer Sultan Khan Giray. The biography of this man, as well as the history of the Girey dynasty as a whole, will be the subject of our discussion.

Biography of Khan-Girey

Sultan Khan-Girey was born in 1808 on the territory of modern Adygea. He was the third son of a Crimean Tatar aristocrat who came from the khan's family - Mehmed Khan-Girey. In addition, Circassian blood flowed in the Sultan’s veins. The best qualities of these two peoples are intertwined in him.

After reaching the age of 29, he participated in a number of wars of the Russian Empire, while holding an officer rank and commanding a separate unit. But he did not take part in the Caucasian War, which was tearing apart his homeland at that time, although, of course, this tragic conflict resonated in his heart.

Khan-Girey wrote a number of works on ethnography, folklore and art history of the Circassian people, which gained worldwide fame. Among them are “Notes about Circassia” and “Circassian legends”. He is also the author of a number of works of fiction. But most of his creations were published only after his death. Khan-Girey is also known as the compiler of the Adyghe alphabet.

Since 1841, he carried out active campaigning among the mountaineers (on behalf of the Russian government) with the goal of their reconciliation. However, his attempts ended in vain. Khan-Girey died at the age of 34, in 1842, in his small homeland.

This outstanding man left behind a son - Sultan Murat-Girey, born in the year of his father's death. But the contribution of Sultan Khan-Girey to the development of Adyghe culture and literature is priceless.

According to one version, it is in his honor that the Crimean Tatars want to rename Kherson Khan-Girey.

Let's find out who the ancestors of such an outstanding personality were.

Founding of a dynasty

The founder of the dynasty of rulers of Crimea was Hadji Giray. He came from the Tukatimurid family - one of the branches of the descendants of Genghis Khan. According to another version, the roots of the Girey dynasty came from the Mongolian Kirey family, and they were attributed to the Genghisids later in order to justify their right to power.

Hadji Giray was born around 1397 on the territory of modern Belarus, which at that time belonged to the Grand Duchy of Lithuania (GDL).

At that time, the Golden Horde was going through hard times, actually breaking up into several independent states. The power in Crimea, with the support of the Lithuanian prince, managed to capture Hadji Gireya in 1441. Thus, he became the founder of a dynasty that ruled in Crimea for almost 350 years.

At the origins of power

Mengli-Girey is the khan who laid the foundation for the power of the Crimean Khanate. He was the son of Hadji Giray, after whose death (in 1466) a power struggle broke out between the children.

Initially, the eldest son of Hadji-Girey, Nur-Devlet, became the khan. But Mengli-Girey decided to challenge this right. Several times during this internecine struggle, the Crimean Khanate changed its ruler. Moreover, if Nur-Devlet relied on the forces of the Golden Horde and the Ottoman Empire in its claims, Mengli relied on the local Crimean nobility. Later, another brother joined the fight - Aider. In 1477, the throne was captured by Dzhanibek, who did not belong to the Girey dynasty at all.

Finally, in 1478, Mengli-Girey was able to finally defeat his rivals and establish himself in power. It was he who laid the foundations for the power of the Crimean Khanate. True, in the course of the struggle with other contenders, he had to recognize his state from the Ottoman Empire and give the south of Crimea, which his allies, the Genoese, colonized, to the direct control of the Turks.

The Crimean Khan Mengli-Girey entered into an alliance with the Moscow state against the Great Horde (heir to the Golden Horde) and Lithuania. In 1482, his troops ravaged Kyiv, which at that time belonged to the Grand Duchy of Lithuania. Under him, the Crimean Tatars carried out massive predatory raids on the lands of the Grand Duchy of Lithuania as part of compliance with the treaty with Moscow. In 1502, Mengli-Girey finally destroyed the Great Horde.

Mengli-Girey died in 1515.

Further strengthening of the khan's power

The state was further strengthened by Mehmed-Girey, the khan who ruled after the death of Mengli-Girey and was his son. Unlike his father, from his youth he prepared to become a ruler, receiving the title - kalga, which corresponded to the title of crown prince. Mehmed-Girey led many campaigns and raids organized by Mengli-Girey.

By the time of his accession to the throne, he already held in his hands all the threads of government, so that his brothers’ attempts to rebel were doomed to failure.

In 1519, the Crimean Khanate strengthened significantly, as part of the Nogai Horde moved to its territory. This was caused by the fact that the Nogais were defeated by the Kazakhs, and they had to ask for asylum from Mehmed-Girey.

Under Mehmed, there was a change in the foreign policy course of the Crimean Khanate. After the Great Horde was defeated by his father, the need for an alliance with the Principality of Moscow disappeared, so Mehmed Giray Khan entered into an alliance with Lithuania against Rus'. It was under him that in 1521 the first major campaign of the Crimean Tatars against the Moscow Principality was organized.

Mehmed-Girey managed to place his brother Sahib-Girey on the throne of the Kazan Khanate, thereby extending his influence to the Middle Volga region. In 1522 he captured the Astrakhan Khanate. Thus, Mehmed-Girey actually managed to subjugate a significant part of the former Golden Horde.

But while in Astrakhan, the khan was so intoxicated with his power that he disbanded the army, which was taken advantage of by ill-wishers who organized a conspiracy against Mehmed-Girey and killed him in 1523.

The pinnacle of power

In the period from 1523 to 1551, the brothers and sons of Mehmed Giray ruled alternately. This time was full of intense struggle within the Crimean Khanate. But in 1551, Devlet-Girey, the son of Mubarek, who, in turn, was the offspring of Mengli-Girey, came to power. It was during his reign that the Crimean Khanate reached the peak of power.

Devlet-Girey is a Crimean Khan who became especially famous for his raids on the Russian state. His campaign of 1571 even culminated in the burning of Moscow.

Devlet-Girey was in power for 26 years and died in 1577.

Weakening of the Khanate

If the son of Devlet-Girey still managed to maintain the prestige of the Crimean Khanate, then under his successors the importance of the Tatar state in the international arena dropped significantly. Mehmed II himself was overthrown by the Turkish Sultan in 1584, and his brother Islyam-Girey was installed in his place. The following Crimean khans were unremarkable rulers, and in the state itself, unrest became a fairly common occurrence.

In 1648, Islyam-Girey III tried to enter the arena of big politics by concluding an alliance with the Zaporozhye Cossacks in the liberation war against the Polish-Lithuanian Commonwealth. But this union soon fell apart, and the hetmanate became subject to the Russian Tsar.

The Last Ruler

The last ruler of the Crimean Khanate was Khan Shagin-Girey. Even during the reign of his predecessor Devlet-Girey IV, in 1774, the Crimean Khanate gained independence from the Ottoman Empire and recognized the protectorate of Russia. This was one of the conditions of the Kuchuk-Kainardzhi peace, which ended the next Russian-Turkish war.

The Crimean Khan Shagin-Girey came to power in 1777 as a protege of Russia. He was enthroned instead of the pro-Turkish Devlet-Girey IV. However, even supported by Russian weapons, he did not sit firmly on the throne. This is evidenced by the fact that in 1782 he was removed from the throne by his brother Bakhadyr-Girey, who came to power on the wave of a popular uprising. With the help of Russian troops, Shagin-Girey managed to regain the throne, but his further reign became a fiction, since he no longer had real power.

In 1783 this fiction was eliminated. Shagin-Girey signed the abdication of the throne, and the Crimean Khanate was annexed to the Russian Empire. Thus ended the period of Gireyev’s rule in Crimea. The only evidence of Shagin’s reign can now be the coins of Khan Girey, the image of which can be seen above.

After his abdication, Shagin-Girey first lived in Russia, but then moved to Turkey, where in 1787 he was executed by order of the Sultan.

Girey after losing power

Sultan Khan-Girey is not the only representative of the family who became widely known after the loss of the dynasty’s power over the Crimea. His brothers were famous - Sultan Adil-Girey and Sultan Sagat-Girey, who became famous in the military field for the benefit of the Russian Empire.

Khan-Girey's cousin Sultan Davlet-Girey became the founder of the Adyghe theater. The latter’s brother, Sutan Krym-Girey, was the chairman of the cavalry division committee. Both were killed in 1918 by the Bolsheviks.

Currently, the title of Crimean Khan is nominally claimed by Jezzar Pamir-Girey, who lives in London.

The significance of the Girey family in world history

The Gireyev family left a noticeable mark on the history of Crimea, and world history in general. The existence of the Crimean Khanate, a state that at one time played one of the leading roles in Eastern Europe, is almost inextricably linked with the name of this dynasty.

Gireev is also remembered by the current generation of Crimean Tatars, associating this family with glorious times in the history of the people. No wonder they came up with the initiative to rename Kherson Khan-Girey.

Shan-Girei, relatives of E. A. Arsenyeva and M. Yu. Lermontov, owners of the village of Apalikha.

Maria Akimovna (nee Khastatova, 1799 - 1845), cousin of M. Yu. Lermontov, niece of E. A. Arsenyeva. Born in the Caucasus on the Shelkozavodskoye estate, which belonged to her father A.V. Khastatov, she graduated from the Institute of Noble Maidens in St. Petersburg. She was a close friend of the poet’s mother, M. M. Lermontova, who left 9 entries in Maria Akimovna’s album.

M. Yu. Lermontov met Maria Akimovna in childhood during trips to the Caucasus, and friendship with the poet’s late mother set her apart from other relatives.

After arriving with her family in the Penza province, Maria Akimovna took part in raising her nephew. During their life together in Tarkhany (1825), Maria Akimovna helped Elizaveta Alekseevna monitor the upbringing and education of children who were invited to study with M. Yu. Lermontov. Her maternal attitude towards her nephew gave rise to warm, friendly relations between them. This can also be seen from Lermontov’s letters to his “auntie” from Moscow. Four surviving letters from 1827 - 1831. testify that his relationship with Maria Akimovna is filled with trust, frankness, and confidence in her interest in his Moscow life. Maria Akimovna's letters to Lermontov have not survived, but perhaps they (as letters from her mother) are mentioned in the inventory of Lermontov's papers, taken during his arrest in 1837.

Lermontov visited Maria Akimovna in Apalikha during his vacation, spent at the beginning of 1836 in Tarkhany - some of Lermontov’s drawings in her album, which contains 13 Lermontov watercolors and two drawings, are marked with this date.

In 1841, after the death of the poet, Maria Akimovna accompanied E. A. Arsenyeva from St. Petersburg to Tarkhany. Maria Akimovna died on January 1, 1845, and was buried in Tarkhany near the chapel-tomb of the Arsenyev-Lermontovs.

Pavel Petrovich(1795 - 1864), retired staff captain, husband of Maria Akimovna.

Pavel Petrovich served in the Caucasus under the command of A.P. Ermolova. In 1816 he retired. For the first time, his name, together with the name of M. Yu. Lermontov, was indicated in the list of visitors to the Caucasian Waters in July 1825 next to the names of other relatives and friends of Lermontov. In the same year, he and his family moved to Penza province. and from 1826 he settled in the Apalikha estate adjacent to Tarkhany. He often visited Moscow, his name was mentioned along with the name of M. Yu. Lermontov in 1830 in connection with the concert of the famous musician John Field and in 1831 in the lists of those who attended confession during Lent in the Church of the Rzhev Icon of Our Lady of the Prechistensky Cathedral.

The education and breadth of Pavel Petrovich’s horizons can be judged by the following fact. In 1837, a subscription to the works of A. S. Pushkin was announced in Russia. Throughout the Penza province. only two people purchased subscription tickets, and one of them was Pavel Petrovich.

M. Yu. Lermontov often visited the Shan-Gireys in Apalikha in his childhood and during his vacation in 1836; meetings with Pavel Petrovich served as material for many of Lermontov’s youthful works on the Caucasian theme. Beginning in 1829, works about the Caucasus appeared in Lermontov’s notebooks: “Circassians” (1828), “Prisoner of the Caucasus” (1828), “Callies” (1830), etc. There is no doubt that the source of information about the Caucasus was the Shan-Girey family , and especially Pavel Petrovich. It is no coincidence that autographs and lists of many of Lermontov’s Caucasian poems were discovered by Penza local historian V.Kh. Khokhryakov at the Shan-Gireys in Apalikha.

After the death of Maria Akimovna in 1845, Pavel Petrovich continued to live in Apalikha, but the division of the estate between him and his sons Akim and Alexei did not happen, and Pavel Petrovich managed the entire estate by proxy. According to the separate act of 1858 Pavel Petrovich Shan-Girey received the manor house and the building attached to it (“23 souls and 175 lands for part seven”) and continued to supervise the part of the estate that belonged to Akim Pavlovich. Due to poor management, the estate ceased to generate income, and this led to litigation. Pavel Petrovich died in 1864 and was buried in Tarkhany.

Akim Pavlovich (1818 - 1883), second cousin and close friend of M. Yu. Lermontov, eldest son of Pavel Petrovich and Maria Akimovna. He studied at the Artillery School, from 1842 - adjutant to the chief of field horse artillery I. A. Arnoldi, from 1866 a public figure in Transcaucasia.

Akim Pavlovich was brought up together with M. Yu. Lermontov, first in Tarkhany, later in Moscow.

In 1834 Akim Pavlovich entered the Artillery School in St. Petersburg and continued to visit E. A. Arsenyeva’s house on Sundays and holidays, meeting there with M. Yu. Lermontov. Akim Pavlovich was one of the few friends privy to the poet’s creative plans. Lermontov dictated his compositions to him; The pages of “Princess Ligovskaya”, written by the hand of Akim Pavlovich, have reached us; he kept many Lermontov manuscripts and lists, including the list of the 4th edition of “The Demon”. On his last visit to St. Petersburg, Lermontov handed over a whole bunch of drafts to Shan-Girey. After the death of the poet, Elizaveta Alekseevna entrusted Akim Pavlovich with sorting out the books, manuscripts and belongings of her grandson and gave him the “Book of Praises or Psalter in the Russian Language” (M., 1822), on the cover of which there is an inscription in the hand of Lermontov, who studied from this book in Tarkhany. Akim Pavlovich donated the most valuable manuscripts and books of the poet to the Public Library in St. Petersburg.

Until 1844 Akim Pavlovich served in St. Petersburg, then retired and settled near Pyatigorsk, where he was successfully engaged in gardening and sericulture. In 1866 he moved to Transcaucasia, devoting subsequent years to active social activities and landscaping. He was married to Emily Aleksandrovna Klingenberg, a witness to the last days of Lermontov’s life in Pyatigorsk, who left memoirs about the poet.

After moving to the Caucasus, Akim Pavlovich visited Apalikha twice: he came for three summer months in 1858, and also lived in his native place from mid-August 1859. until May 1860, first with his father in Apalikha, then with his brother Alexei. In 1859 - 1860 Akim Pavlovich arrived in Apalikha with the intention of finishing the protracted case about his share of the inheritance left after his late mother. His father, Pavel Petrovich, did not want to enter into any “discretion” with his son. Akim Pavlovich was forced to go to court. The case of the Penza Chamber “On the recovery of money by second lieutenant Shan-Girey from his father Shan-Girey” was heard in the Conscientious Court and was discontinued in 1864 due to the death of Pavel Petrovich. The most important result of an almost year-long stay in Apalikha and Chembar was the creation of memoirs about M. Yu. Lermontov, which turned out to be the most significant and meaningful memories of the poet.

Alexey Pavlovich (1821 - ?)- son of Pavel Petrovich and Maria Akimovna Shan-Girey. Born in Moscow, in the house of a relative of G. D. Stolypin. After the family moved to Penza province. lived with his relatives on the Apalikha estate. It is him who M.Yu. Lermontov affectionately calls “brother” in his letters to “dear aunt” Maria Akimovna (1827, 1829).

Alexey Pavlovich received a home education, then entered the Artillery School, and on December 26, 1839 he was transferred as a cadet to the Caucasus to the Nizhny Novgorod Dragoon Regiment.

After the death of his mother, Maria Akimovna, Shan-Girey, having received his share of the inheritance, in 1857 took out his peasants and founded the new village of Alekseevka, two miles from Apalikha. Alexey Pavlovich was married to Nadezhda Petrovna Verzilina, half-sister of E. A. Klingenberg.

In the village of Alekseevka, Alexei Pavlovich kept the so-called “Masquerade Book”, in which Lermontov wrote madrigals to his friends and read them in the Assembly of the Nobility on New Year’s Day 1831.

In 1916, the daughter of Alexei Pavlovich Lizogub L.A. donated the book to the Lermontov Museum in St. Petersburg, and from there it entered the Institute of Russian Literature (Pushkin House) of the Russian Academy of Sciences.

Ekaterina Pavlovna (married Veselovskaya, 1823 -?), daughter of Pavel Petrovich and Maria Akimovna Shan-Girey. Her name is mentioned in letters from M. Yu. Lermontov to Maria Akimovna in Apalikha (1827, 1829): “As a token of gratitude to Katyusha for the garter, I send her a beaded box of my work... I kiss Katyusha and thank her for the garter...” E. A. Arsenyeva also mentions her in her spiritual will of 1845, leaving her 50 thousand rubles. “...with this, however, that my brother Afanasy Alekseevich from the amount assigned to her, Catherine... released in advance my own estate, mortgaged in 1826 for the late niece Maria Akimovna Shan-Girey in the Moscow guardianship council, then the rest of the money, how much then from the amount allocated to her will remain and leave everything to her, my grandson Ekaterina Pavlovna Shan-Girey.”

Like the entire Shan-Girey family, Ekaterina Pavlovna carefully preserved the things and manuscripts of M. Yu. Lermontov. She owned the manuscript of the novel "Vadim", which she subsequently donated to the Lermontov Museum of the Nikolaev Cavalry School.

Nikolai Pavlovich (1829 - ?), son of Pavel Petrovich and Maria Akimovna Shan-Girey, born in Apalikha. This is the same Nikolenka, whom M. Yu. Lermontov “drags around” and with whom “goes mad,” as they say in a letter from E. A. Vereshchagina to M. A. Vereshchagina in 1838.

Nikolai Pavlovich was educated in a private boarding school in St. Petersburg. In 1844, on August 28, he was enrolled as a candidate, and from September 1, into the company of the school of guards ensigns and cavalry cadets, where M. Yu. Lermontov had previously studied. His service career is connected with the Nizhny Novgorod Dragoon Regiment, where he entered as a volunteer private on July 24, 1846.

In 1847, “for distinction in cases against the highlanders,” he was promoted to non-commissioned officer, and “after passing an exam in science,” he became a cadet. Two years later he was promoted to ensign. In 1847 he was awarded the Order of St. George. He completed his service with the rank of staff captain, retiring due to illness in 1859.

After the service he settled in Makaryevsky district. Nizhny Novgorod province, on the estate of his wife, Milania Vasilievna, born. Insarskaya.

In 1844, after retiring, I had to settle in the Caucasus, in the Pyatigorsk district, and there I learned reliable details about Lermontov’s death from eyewitnesses who were strangers to him. In the summer of 1841, many young people from St. Petersburg gathered in Pyatigorsk, among them was Martynov, a very handsome man who always wore a Circassian coat with a large Dagestan dagger on his belt. Lermontov, out of an old habit of making fun of a school friend, invented for him the nickname Montagnard au grand poignard; it would seem to be nothing, but when it is repeated often, it can become boring. On July 14, in the evening, a lot of people gathered at the Verzilins’ house; the society was lively and noisy; Prince S. Trubetskoy was playing the piano, Lermontov was sitting next to the daughter of the mistress of the house, Martynov entered the room. Addressing his neighbor, Lermontov said: “Mlle Emilie, prenez garde, voici que s"approche le farouche montagnard."

This was said rather quietly, over the general conversation it would have been impossible to hear even two steps away; but, unfortunately, Prince Trubetskoy stood up at that very moment, everything fell silent as if on command, and the words le farouche montagnard were heard throughout the room. When they began to disperse, Martynov approached Lermontov and told him:

– M. Lermontoff, je vous ai bien des fois prié de retenir vos plaisanteries sur mon compte, au moins devant les femmes.

“Allons donc,” answered Lermontov, “allez-vous vous fâcher sérieusement et me provoquer?”

“Oui, je vous provoque,” ​​said Martynov and left.

The next day, the fifteenth, we agreed to meet in the afternoon to the right of the road leading from Pyatigorsk to the Scottish colony, at the foot of Mashuk; began to take twelve steps. Martynov fired first; the bullet hit the right side, pierced the lungs and flew through; Lermontov was killed on the spot.

All other options on this topic are mere fables, not worthy of mention; they had never been heard of before; for what purpose they bloom so many years later, God knows; and the pistol from which Lermontov was killed is not where they say - this is Kuchenreiter No. 2 of the pair; I saw it at Alexei Arkadyevich Stolypin’s place, on the wall above the bed, next to the portrait taken by the painter Shwede from the already murdered Lermontov.

A year later, his body, in a lead coffin, was transported to Tarkhany and laid near his mother’s grave, near the village church in the chapel built by his grandmother, where she now rests.

All this has long passed, but Lermontov’s memory is still dear to me; Therefore, I will not undertake to pronounce a judgment on his character, it may be biased, and I am not writing a panegyric.

May the reader be favorable to me and not judge me if my uninteresting personality so often appears before him in this story. His only merit is truthfulness; It seemed necessary to me, in order to avoid doubts, to explain why everything I said could be known to me, and to name several persons who could detect an inaccuracy if it were encountered. I ask you not to collect them either, if for this reason I allowed myself, without their permission, to put their names in full in my story.

Entry:281292

Genus	Shan-Girei
Floor	man
Full name from birth	Akim Pavlovich Senior Shan Shan-Girey
Parents Pavel Petrovich Shan Girey [Girei] b. 1795 d. 1864 Maria Akimovna Khastatova [Khastatovs] b. 1799 d. 1845
Wiki page	wikipedia:ru:Shan-Girey,_Akim_Pavlovich

Events

marriage: Emilia Aleksandrovna Klingenberg [Klingenbergs] b. 1815 d. 1891

1852 birth of a child: Akim Arim Shan the Younger Girey [Girei] b. 1852 d. 1912

1856 birth of a child: Evgenia Shan-Girei (Kazmin) [Shan-Girei] b. 1856 d. 1943

Notes

SHAN-GIREY Akim Pavlovich (1818-83), second cousin and close friend of L.; eldest son of Pavel Petrovich and Maria Akimovna Shan-Gireyev (see Shan-Girey). Studied art. school, from 1842 adjutant beginning. field horse artillery I. A. Arnoldi, since 1865 society. activist in Transcaucasia. In the summer of 1825, 7-year-old Sh.-G. met with E. A. Arsenyeva and her grandson in Goryachevodsk (Pyatigorsk) and was taken to Tarkhany, where he was raised with L. for about two years. In 1828, he followed L. moved to Moscow, then in 1834 to St. Petersburg and all this time lived in Arsenyeva’s house; visited L. at the School of Junkers. 3 pictures have survived. Sh.-G.: “Lunch of the Junkers”, “Marching of the Junkers” and “Junkers at the punishment cell”, giving an idea of ​​​​the life of the military. institutions where the poet studied. In 1835-36 he often visited L.; they played chess and discussed what they had read. According to modern opinion. researchers (V. Manuilov, S. Nedumov), P. A. Viskovaty was mistaken in believing that Sh.-G. due to his development, he could not be an assistant in lit. L.'s classes. In fact, he was one of the few friends devoted to creativity. the poet's intentions. L. dictated his compositions to him; The pages of “Princess Ligovskaya”, written by the hand of Sh.-G., have reached us; he kept many L. manuscripts and lists, including list 4th ed. "Demon." In 1841 S.-G. made a copy of the portrait of L. by P. E. Zabolotsky (1837).

For the last time S.-G. met L. in 1841 in St. Petersburg and received a bunch of manuscripts from him. After the death of the poet Sh.-G. I sorted through his things and manuscripts. E. A. Arsenyeva gave him “The Book of Praise and Psalter in the Russian Language...” (M., 1822), on the cover there is an inscription in the hand of L., who studied from this book at the age of 10. Manuscripts and books of the poet Sh.-G. submitted to Publ. b-ku in St. Petersburg. Thanks to him, L.'s desk and chair were preserved (now in the L. Museum-Reserve in Pyatigorsk). Correspondence between L. and Sh.-G. lost; his name is mentioned in two letters from the poet to his grandmother, written from the Caucasus in May and June 1841. In 1851 S.-G. married Emilia Alexandrovna Klingenberg, stepdaughter of Gen. P. S. Verzilina, in whose house there was a clash between L. and N. S. Martynov. He left memories of L., which are among the most meaningful. The letters included in them from L. to S. A. Raevsky, as well as letters from M. A. Lopukhina and A. M. Vereshchagina to the poet, have come to us thanks to this source. On the day of the 40th anniversary of L.’s death, July 15, 1881, Sh.-G. spoke in Pyatigorsk with memories. There he met with Viskovaty and assisted him in working on the biography of L.

After 1785, when the Crimean Khanate practically ceased to exist, difficult times came for the Crimean Tatars. Some of them, including Shahin Giray himself, were forcibly Christianized. one of his descendants, Akim Pavlovich Shan Giray (1815-1883), held the position of head of the district administration of Nakhchivan. his father, Pavel Petrovich Shan Giray, had extensive estates in the North Caucasus, his mother, Maria Akimovna (1799-1875), was the daughter of Akim Khastatov. her mother Ekaterina was the sister of Elizaveta, the maternal grandmother of the poet M. Lermontov; the sisters belonged to the famous Stolypin family and were very rich (4, p. 483). Catherine's estates "Silk" and "Earthly Paradise" in the Caucasus were known throughout Russia. In 1825, on the advice of Lermontov's grandmother Elizabeth Shan, the Gireys moved to the Penza province - to Apalikh near Tarkhany. and the childhood of Mikhail Lermontov and Akim Shan Giray, who were closely related, passed together. Akim Shan Giray graduated from the artillery school in St. Petersburg, served in the army and was demobilized with the rank of second lieutenant (5, pp. 33-35), and in 1844, after the death of Lermontov in a duel, he moved to Pyatigorsk. In 1845, he was appointed head of the department of the Nakhchivan district (6, p. Descendants of Shahin Giray and Nakhchivan Musa Guliyev, Nakhchivan branch of the National Academy of Sciences of Azerbaijan, and in this, it seems, the fact that the akim’s sister was married to Stolypin played a decisive role.

There is debate among researchers regarding the time of death of Akim Shan Girey - 1883 or 1913. The reason for the dispute was the signature “Shan Giray”, under which his estate in Sharur was managed until 1918. Russian scientist and orientalist K. N. Smirnov wrote in the book “Materials on the history and ethnography of the Nakhichevan region”: “The former head of the district Shan Girey bought land, built a canal and his son became one of the landowners of the Nakhichevan region” (8, p. 53) . this work indicates that Akim Shan Giray, who lived until 1913, was the son of Akim Shan Giray Sr., his real name was Arim, and his wife Dorokhova was a Cossack (9). Detailed information about Akim Shan Giray Jr. is given in his book by the late learned historian Ali Aliyev, who indicates that the latter was killed in 1913 by the Armenians in Iravan (10, pp. 94-95). the book notes that the Shengilei Canal was built from 1870 to 1896 (11). After the death of Akim Shan Giray Sr. in 1883, the construction of the Shengilei Canal was continued by his son, engineer Akim (arim) Shan Giray Jr., and the main projects were developed and started by his father. In addition, A. Shan Giray Sr., at the request of the above-mentioned Kalbaly Khan, began to restore the lake-reservoir Ganlygel (Kangly-gel), which was built back in 1747 by Nakhchivan Heydargulu Khan for the purpose of irrigating arid low-lying areas, and completed the work in 1865 year (12, p. 95).