Alternative approaches. Negotiations on accession to the WTO. Harmonization. Key questions. Regional integration. International standards. Negotiation tactics. The sovereign right of the WTO members. Harmonization level. Sanitary and Phytosanitary Measures. Members of the WTO. Dispute Resolution Practice. Analysis of the practice of dispute resolution. Accession of Belarus to the WTO. Measures on internationally agreed standards. WTO Appellate Body.

"Technologies in Belarus" - Directions of informatization. Results of using the SPF portal. Sample project. Security of the FSZN portal. Scheme of the workflow system. The system is implemented using a three-tier architecture. Subprograms of the National Program. AIS control of vending machines. Obtaining statistical information. Document management system platform. Development trends of the Republic. Portal scheme. Platform. Portal of the Social Protection Fund.

"Belarusian NPP" - Measures to protect against beyond design basis accidents. Second circuit. Basis of security. The closest analogue is the Leningrad NPP. Systems for overcoming beyond design basis accidents. General characteristics. Safety concept of the Belarusian NPP project. Stability of nuclear power plants to impacts. Basic principles and approaches to design. Melt containment system. Accident management. Hydrogen removal system from the containment.

"Year of Thrift" - Planet Earth. Measures to save material resources. Year of thrift and ecology. Aspects of frugality. A year of frugality. Information work. Electronic card. Year of thrift in Minsk. Economy and frugality. Consumption rates of heat and energy resources. The goal of the socio-economic development of Belarus. 2013 is the year of frugality. Objectives of the directive. Sustainable development. Republican action plan.

“Citizen of the Republic of Belarus” - I am a citizen of the Republic of Belarus. Patriotism. Citizen. Citizenship. The experience of patriotic and civic education. Formation of civil relations. The structure of civil culture. Personal development. Methodical developments. Civil society. Typical problems. Social skills. Civil values. Problems of patriotic education. Education of patriotism. Understanding time.

“Migration in Belarus” - Definition. MIRPAL strategy. The World Bank. Department of Citizenship. Experience in legal regulation. Activity. Principles of external labor migration. A number of activities. Past period. Temporary employment agreements. The procedure for employment. IOM representative.

Simeon Polotsky as a poet for children

Simeon Polotsky is an outstanding Russian poet of the 17th century, an active figure in the field of education. His vast literary heritage is permeated with pedagogical ideas. And this is not accidental, for all his life he was engaged in pedagogical work. Therefore, it is quite natural for him to participate in the creation of children's literature.

The poet was born in 1629 in Polots, where he received his initial education. In 1653 he graduated from the Kiev-Mohyla Collegium (Academy), after which he studied abroad, and then became a teacher in his homeland.

In 1664, Tsar Alexei Mikhailovich invited him to Moscow, where Simeon began to enjoy the honor and respect for his broad education, unparalleled diligence, poetic talent and teaching ability. Soon he was appointed the teacher of the heir, Tsarevich Alexei, and after his death (1670), the tutor of the new heir, Theodore. Princess Sophia and the future Tsar Peter I were also brought up under his leadership.

Simeon was surrounded with especially great honor and respect during the reign of Tsar Fyodor Alekseevich, who ascended the throne in 1676.

Simeon died on August 25, 1680.

For 16 years of his life in Moscow, Simeon wrote, published or prepared for printing 14 books, half of which are educational or children's books. The largest of his creations are the poetry books "Rhymologion", which consists of 1308 large-format pages, and "Vertograd multicolored" - 1316 pages. They were completed by the poet two years before his death.

^ Simeon Polotsky's pedagogical views

Simeon Polotsky attached decisive importance to education and completely denied the presence of congenital defects in a person. He likened the soul of a child to "an unwritten tablet" on which "the teacher can write what he wants". In this respect, he was the predecessor of John Locke. He considered the most effective means of education to be a positive example that parents and educators can give.

The fruit of the tree si falls close by,

Children receive morals from their father.

Labor education occupies the main place in the pedagogical views of Simeon of Polotsk. He believed that everyone should work, regardless of age, social and social status, including tsars. "Labor", "industriousness", "hard worker", "hard worker", "labor worker" and other similar words are the most frequent in his work. He believed that it is necessary to teach a person to work from childhood, only then work will become habitual for him.

Do not take the trouble to put down,

Imat bo you benefit from being a lot.

If she sees it is annoying to work,

But it is sweet to collect the fruits of labor.

Praising the workers, the poet sharply denounced the parasites, whom, according to him, should be expelled from society. By labor he understood not only physical labor, but also mental labor, activity, reading, teaching, government.

The poetry of Simeon of Polotsk is full of hymns to the book, literacy, reading. The book, he said, is of great benefit: it develops the mind, expands education. She is able to "greatly delight the soul", makes a person wise. But he considered the real sages to be those who, possessing knowledge, generously share it with others and use it with great benefit in everyday life.

^ Educational and children's books by Simeon Polotsky

Upon his arrival in Moscow, Simeon took part in the preparation for the publication of the primer in 1664, for which he wrote ten greetings addressed to children, their parents and benefactors. In 1667. he published a new primer, entirely compiled by him, which was reprinted in 1669. The teaching material was taken for him mainly from the Moscow Alphabet of 1637 - edition. The foreword, which is the first printed pedagogical treatise in Russian, stood out in particular.

Ten years later, in 1679, Simeon compiled and published a new primer, which is the result of more than a century of development of the Russian textbook.

For the history of children's literature, the most interesting are two poems, placed in the primer of 1679, These are "Preface to young men who want to learn" and "Admonition".

In its composition, the Preface resembles a poem by the guide Savvaty, published in the alphabet of 1637. In both works, enlightenment is glorified and tells about this book. As in his other works, S. Polotskiy encourages children to work constantly, for those who work from youth will live in peace in old age. Literacy, in his words, is a great gift, the focus of wisdom. Although it is mute, it is carried infinitely far. All that the heart feels, about which the mind discusses - all this through literacy becomes known to others. If the voice of the person next to him is heard only by a few, then the thoughts of the writer can be delivered anywhere. The book, as in a mirror, reflects the life of a person and all humanity. This is "healing all kinds of wounds." Another role of writing is to capture what is happening, be a monument and point the way to the future.

At the beginning and at the end of the Preface, the poet addresses the child directly:

Young adolescent, learning from childhood,

The writings of the nobility and reason have almost come.

The poem enclosed in such a compositional frame looks more integral and soulful.

In its poetics, this poem differs from other works of Simeon, written for adults. There are no historical or biblical parallels, comparisons, references to ancient and Byzantine authors, complicated stylistic constructions, usual for him. This is a warm, frank conversation with a child in a language understandable to him and on a related topic.

The second poem - "Exhortation" - is placed at the end of the book and is intended not for everyone, but only for the lazy and violent. It expresses one of the sides of Simeon's pedagogical views - the recognition of physical punishment. The poet convinces the little reader: if he wants to be educated and smart, he must constantly work, fulfill certain requirements. And the one violating the rules will be forced to endure the punishment with rods, since

Those tools of the foolish correct,

The flesh of the whole does nothing harm.

The rod sharpens the mind, the memory excites

And pretends evil will for good.

At the end of the poem, the poet again calls on children to work so as not to be punished.

In the Upper Printing House headed by Simeon, opened by Tsar Fyodor Alekseevich specifically for the publication of the works of his beloved teacher, two books were published for children and youth reading: "Testament, or Testament of Basil, Tsar of Greece, to his son Leo the Philosopher" (January, 1680) and " The Tale of Barlaam and Joasaph "(September 1b80).

The first book can be attributed to the genre of instruction known from ancient times. In addition to numerous other instructions, it contains special chapters on books and reading. Simeon wrote a long poetic preface to the Testament, addressed to young readers. It talks about the role of reading in a person's life and about this book: it comments on its content, highlights the main points in order to draw the child's special attention to them and thereby make it more accessible. The poet convinces that "this little book teaches good", but not everyone, but only those who will not only read, but also follow her advice.

Where and when was Simeon born of Polotsk Simeon was born in 1629 in Belarus, in the city of Polotsk, which at that time was part of the Grand Duchy of Lithuania as part of the Polish-Lithuanian Commonwealth. The worldly name is Samuil Gavrilovich Petrovsky-Sitnyanovich. Died in Moscow on August 25 (September 4) 1680, was buried in the Zaikonospassky monastery, on the site of the Slavic-Greek-Latin academy built here later.

Family, upbringing and education of Simeon Studied at the Kiev-Mohyla College and, according to some assumptions, at the Vilna Jesuit Academy. Until the end of his life, Simeon of Polotsk remained a secret Uniate, hiding his belonging to the Basilian Order. Nothing is said about the family. He was a student of Lazar Baranovich (since 1657 Bishop of Chernigov), with whom he remained close for life. From him he received a good education and religious faith.

Character traits and qualities that helped in achieving the goal Simeon advanced not so much due to deep piety or exceptional scholarship, but due to the ability to express religious problems of the time with "journalistic" acuteness and rhetoric. A respectable, well-educated Christian and a faithful son of his sovereign, it was precisely for this ideal that Simeon of Polotsk aspired. He believed that it was moral qualities that constitute the spiritual basis of a person.

In the interests of what social forces did Simeon act In his specific actions, Simeon of Polotsk always stood on the side of the tsarist power and in its defense, which manifested itself during the disputes between Tsar Alexei Mikhailovich and Patriarch Nikon about the rights of the "kingdom" and "priesthood". In Simeon of Polotsk's understanding of the role of the Russian monarch, one more important feature is traced, he seeks to designate the Russian tsar.

What role did Simeon play in the life of the state? Simeon played an important role in the life of the state. The educational activities of Simeon of Polotsk had a great influence on the further development of Russian religious and philosophical thought, becoming a kind of ideological and cultural preparation for many changes in Russian life.

The main results of his activities Simeon Polotsky launched a wide educational activity in Moscow, taught at Epiphany and Zaikonospasskaya fraternal schools, opened a printing house in the Kremlin, free from church censorship, in which he published his books of poetry, educational and theological literature in large numbers. In addition, he headed the first new type of school in Russia, created under the Order of Secret Affairs, where he taught the Latin language to state officials of future diplomats. He also developed a project for organizing a higher school in Moscow, which later became the basis for the creation of the future Slavic-Greek-Latin Academy.

How Simeon's contemporaries assess Simeon According to the researcher of the history of Russian theological thought and culture, Archpriest Georgy Florovsky, society, or rather at the Moscow court, as a poet or verse-lager, as a learned man for all kinds of assignments. Polotsk is all in pomp and arrogance, rhetorical, wordy. "

My attitude to Simeon of Polotsk I think Simeon is smart and stubborn. He proved himself in many activities and was a versatile person. I liked his opinion about the perfect person. For everyone, he should be the ideal, as Simeon claimed.

Bibliography 1.% EB% EE% F6% EA% E8% E9http: //ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D1%E8%EC%E5%EE%ED_%CF%EE% EB% EE% F6% EA % E8% E htm% D0% BE% D0% BD_% D0% 9F% D0% BE% D0% BB% D0% BE% D1% 86% D0% BA% D0% B8% D0% B9http: //% D0 % BE% D0% BD_% D0% 9F% D0% BE% D0% BB% D0% BE% D1% 86% D0% BA% D0% B8% D0% B MEON_POLOTSKI.htmlhttp: // MEON_POLOTSKI.html 8. Simeon % 20Polockii% 20.htmlhttp: //biographiesofpeople.ru/biografiya/1832- Simeon% 20Polockii% 20.html

PLAN

1. Maintaining

2. Theology and pedagogy

3. Fight against Old Believers

4. Creativity of Simeon Polotsky

5. Conclusion

6. References

INTRODUCTION

Simeon Polotsky was one of the remarkable galaxy of outstanding figures not only of Belarusian and Russian, but more broadly - of Slavic culture. In the opinion of the Belarusian scientist Mikola Prashkovich, Simeon Polotsky was “the most significant cultural john of the descending Slavs of the 17th stagodzia”.

It can be argued without any exaggeration that Simeon Polotsky was close to the figures of the Renaissance in terms of the versatility of his interests.

His creativity and activities were an extraordinary, outstanding cultural phenomenon. He entered the history of culture as a teacher and educator, poet and writer, playwright and preacher, deeply studied philosophy, natural history, was interested in issues of medicine and art, astrology, etc. To Russia “Simeon brought with him the fruits of European scholarship - an excellent knowledge of languages: Latin , Polish, Belarusian and Ukrainian, as well as scholastic sciences (grammar, rhetoric, poetics, dialectics, etc.) ... ”. Thus, Simeon Polotskiy was a European educated person with encyclopedic knowledge.

THEOLOGY AND PEDAGOGY

Samuil Yemelyanovich (according to later sources - Gavrilovich) Petrovsky-Sitnyakovich (according to later sources Sitnyakovich) was born in the city of Polotsk in 1629. He studied at the Kiev-Mohyla College, after which he went to complete his education in one of the most famous Polish Jesuit colleges at that time - Vilna. Then he moved to Polotsk, where in 1656 he became a monk at the Polotsk Epiphany Monastery under the name of Simeon.

In 1660, Simeon of Polotsk came to Moscow for several months with the students of the Polotsk fraternal school, in which he was a teacher (didascal).

On the Polotsk land, he began his teaching and educational activities. Through the efforts of Simeon of Polotsk, the program of education at the Polotsk Brotherhood School was significantly expanded: in addition to the Belarusian language, Russian and Polish were included in the study, more attention was paid to grammar, rhetoric and poetry were mastered.

In 1661, Simeon of Polotsk permanently moved to Moscow, where the activities and poetic talent of a native of Belarus could be fruitfully applied. Indeed, in Moscow, he immediately got a job as a teacher of Latin at the school of the Spassky Monastery. The successful activity of Simeon of Polotsk as a didascal soon became known to Tsar Alexei Mikhailovich, who in 1667 invited him to mentor his children. Among his pupils were Tsarevich Alexei and Fyodor, Princess Sophia. Simeon of Polotsk was instructed to prepare a teacher for the future Tsar Peter I. Nikita Zotov became him.

Being an educator in his views, Simeon Polotsky always attached great importance to the development of education in Russia. When in 1680 a plan to organize the first higher educational institution appeared in Moscow, Simeon took an active part in the formation of the "Privilege to the Academy", finalized after the death of Polotsky by his student Sylvester Medvedev. The "privilege" provided for the study by the students of the Academy of "civil and spiritual" sciences, ranging from grammar to philosophy and theology, as well as "the teaching of spiritual and secular justice", that is, legal sciences. According to the project of Simeon Polotsky, four languages \u200b\u200bwere to be studied at the Academy: Slavic, Greek, Latin and Polish. In 1687, already 7 years after the death of Polotsk, the first higher educational institution in Russia was opened in Moscow under the name of the "Slavic-Greek-Latin Academy".

Simeon Polotsky lived in Moscow for sixteen years. For all these years, the main thing for him was literary activity. In his cell, he collected one of the best libraries of his time.

Simeon Polotsky, reading a lot, devoted most of his time to creative writing. According to the testimony of his student Sylvester Medvedev, Simeon Polotsky "every day I have a pledge to write on the floor of a notebook at noon, and his writing is plain and dull." Shortly before his death, the author himself combined a huge number of his poetic works into two large collections of poetry: "Multicolor Vertograd" and "Rhymologion".

Simeon Polotsky devoted all his strength and talent to the development of Russian culture and education.

In 1678 he managed to organize an excellent printing house in the Kremlin, which, with the permission of Tsar Fyodor Alekseevich, was placed at the complete disposal of Simeon of Polotsk. In it he managed to publish his "rhymed" translation of "The Psalter of the Tsar and the Prophet David", which gained wide popularity among Russian readers not only in the 17th, but also in the 18th century. According to M. Lomonosov, "Rhyming Psalter" by Simeon Polotsky, along with "Arithmetic" by a native of Belarus Leonty Magnitsky and "Grammar" by Meletiy Smotritsky, by which he studied, was his "gate of learning".

FIGHT AGAINST OLD BELIEF

Already in the first years of his stay in Russia, Simeon Polotsky took an active part in carrying out church reform and in the fight against the Old Believers. He wrote several books against the Old Believers. So, after the councils of 1666 - 67, he wrote the book "The Rod of Government" with denunciations of the Old Believers. The book was of great importance in the polemic with the Old Believers. However, D. Yagodkin noted in the last century that in a number of cases Polotsky's argumentation, both canonical and historical, is rather weak. He lacked serious historical training, and he often based his proofs only on the authority of Western historians or on his own philological analysis.

Another idea of \u200b\u200bPolotsky is also interesting, which was noted by D. Yagodkin in the "Rod of government", when, proving the need for three fingers. Simeon Polotsky writes that the three-fingered sign is used by all Orthodox peoples, with the exception of a small number of Great Russians, and this fact speaks perfectly in favor of the apostolic antiquity of the three-fingered. In this case, it is important that Polotsky sincerely considers the traditional customs of the Russian Church to be a delusion, and the rules of the Greek Orthodox Church to be true, because he was brought up in this very tradition. Here, the very attitude of Simeon of Polotsk to the Russian traditions proper, which were very far from him and, by and large, of little value, is very clearly manifested. He had the same attitude to Russian history. At the same time L.N. Pushkarev noted that in "Spiritual Vertrograd" Polotsky does not mention a single Russian tsar, except for Prince. Vladimir, who baptized Russia. Apparently, the actual Russian history of Polotsk was simply not interested.

The religious and philosophical preferences of Simeon of Polotsk were determined by his education, received in the pro-Western educational institutions of Kiev and Vilna. However, Simeon Polotsky himself was not, so to speak, a professional philosopher, rather he was a professional writer and poet. Confident that Russia must get rid of its identity, he devoted all his activities to spreading the ideas of Western European humanism and rationalism here. And above all, he promoted secular science, so denied earlier in ancient Russian thought.

Of course, as a monk, Simeon of Polotsk admitted that secular science and, first of all, philosophy, is secondary to theology. In "Vetrograd multicolored" he wrote:

Philosophy end: tacos are people of life,

It would be like a strong God to be accurate.

Moreover, he devoted a lot of works to establishing in the Russian religious and philosophical consciousness the true, as it seemed to him, Orthodox faith. However, the very approaches to the interpretation of the Orthodox doctrine by Simeon of Polotsk were significantly different from those traditional for Russia, and even from those that came with the innovations that were introduced into Russian life by the church reform. Therefore, it is not at all accidental that the ideological trend that Simeon Polotsky supported and developed was called “Latinism”.

First of all, while dividing faith and rational, "reasonable" knowledge, Simeon Polotsky still always emphasized that secular, rational knowledge is an obligatory component of any knowledge. In general, he always emphasized the importance of "rationality", urging his readers to march along the path of "understanding".

A.S. The Olives remarked that it was precisely in "madness", that is, in the absence of reason, he denounced the supporters of the Old Believers, that they are simply uneducated, "crazy" people. “Everyone will laugh at their madness,” he assures in the book “The Rod of Government”. By the way, Simeon Polotskiy based his refutation of Old Believer views, first of all, on the fact that he tried to show not only their lack of knowledge, but also elementary illiteracy. So, about the famous Old Believer polemicist Nikita Pustosvyat, he wrote: "Through all his life in the night of ignorance, he blinded ... He is not even the Alpha of Greek honor." And to another Old Believer writer, Lazar, he said: "Or first learn to grammar, also to those who learn by the cunning of teaching."

The accusations of Simeon of Polotsk do not mean at all that the ideologues of the Old Believers were in fact illiterate and uneducated. They had no education in the understanding of Simeon himself, i.e. were not educated in the Western European way. Moreover, apparently, Simeon of Polotsk quite sincerely did not understand and did not accept the system of evidence that the Old Believers used, the ancient Russian traditions were too far from him. Unlike them, for Simeon of Polotsk it was an axiom - true knowledge of God is possible only through a combination of faith and rational knowledge.

CREATIVITY OF SIMEON POLOTSKY

Death prevented Simeon Polotsky from printing to the end the already prepared first collection of poems "Vertrograd multicolored". On August 25, 1680, at the age of 51, Simeon of Polotsk died. He also entered Russian literature as a talented playwright and preacher. He created collections of sermons "Soulful Lunch" and "Soul Supper", as well as the poetic play "The Comedy of the Parable of the Prodigal Son" and the tragedy "About the King of Nebuchadnezzar, about the body of gold, about three children, in a cave not burnt."

The first so-called book period in the history of Belarusian poetry ended with the work of Simeon Polotsky. Relying on the experience of his predecessors - Belarusian poets, as well as on Polish and partly Western European literary traditions, he contributed to its further development.

Simeon Polotsky wrote mainly in the bookish, the so-called Slavic-Russian (Church-Slavonic) language, in which local, Belarusian linguistic features are very noticeable in the Belarusian period of the poet's work.

The vast majority of his works are undated. The earliest dated dates back to 1648.

The poet's creative heritage is rich and varied. He wrote many works on traditional church-religious themes. In some of them, the poet touches on topical issues of public life of his time, problems of upbringing, education and many other topics.

Simeon of Polotsk made a significant contribution to the development of versification in the East Slavic lands. Despite the rigid norms of verse organization in professional syllabic poetry (equivalence, the presence of constant censorship in verse, rhyme and female rhyme), the poet was able to overcome the monotony and monotony of its sound in many ways, give it greater significance and lightness, and clothe it in a more perfect form.

Having moved to Moscow, Simeon Polotsky, with his various cultural, educational and creative activities, wrote a bright page in the history of the culture of the Belarusian and Russian peoples, was in Russia the founder of poetry and drama as new types of literature and with all his activities contributed to the preparation of that great cultural and historical turn in Russian society, which happened later, in the era of the transformations of Peter I.

"The life and work of Simeon of Polotsk is an example of the beneficial cultural relationships of the East Slavic peoples of the 17th century."

One of the most outstanding works of Simeon of Polotsk is his poetic translation of the Psalter - "The Psalter of King David, rhyming art evenly syllable and consonant, of course, according to different verses by genus", Moscow, Verkhnyaya Printing House, 1680.

Simeon of Polotsk completed the work on a complete rhyming translation of the Psalter of King David in an unusually short time: he began his work on February 4, 1678 and finished it on March 28 of the same year. In 1680 the translation was published in Moscow as a separate book. It was printed in the Upper Printing House and was published during the life of Simeon of Polotsk. In addition to the Psalms, Old Testament "songs" and "prayers", usually attached to the Psalter, were also printed here in the poet's poetic arrangement. And "Months" (a calendar index of the holidays of the Russian Orthodox Church. - LS).

The book was not intended for church and liturgical use, but, according to the author, for the "domestic need" of an intelligent reader - a connoisseur and connoisseur of "rhyme speech".

The external design of the Psalter of Simeon of Polotsk is fully consistent with this purpose. “The editions of the Upper Printing House were distinguished by ... elegance and artistic design. They were printed in a new beautiful font and, at the request of Tsar Fyodor Alekseevich, were decorated with engravings made on copper by Afanasy Trukhmensky based on drawings by Simeon Ushakov, and baroque headpieces ... The text on the pages of the book is framed with a type-setting ornamental frame, the book traditionally uses two-color printing.

The book begins with a frontispiece depicting the author of the psalms, King David. David is presented in the pose of an inspired psalmist. His face and hands are turned to the cloud, from which a sheaf of rays emanates, as if testifying that the psalms were heard by God. "

In one of the book's prefaced prose prefaces, Simeon Polotsky himself told the story of the appearance of this collection of his poems. When, finishing "Vertrograd multicolored" and arranging the poems in alphabetical order, he came to the letter "psi" -?,? (the words "psalter", "psalm" began with this letter), he had the idea to transpose some of the psalms in verse. Simeon of Polotsk began to translate and soon became so carried away by this occupation that he decided to transfer not only the "penitent" psalms, as he had previously planned, but the entire Psalter as a whole: "Beloved, and to all the psalms, let the work go." In this intention, he was strengthened by the fact that the psalms were written in verse in Hebrew. In addition, Simeon of Polotsk abroad saw translations of the Psalter in verses in ancient Greek and Latin. The poetic translation of it into Polish by the outstanding Polish Renaissance writer Jan Kochanowski (published in five volumes: "Psalterz Dawidow", 1578) gained wide popularity.

Simeon Polotsky knew that this translation was known in Russia. In Moscow, the author wrote, "I love the sweet and harmonious singing of the Psalter Polekius, versely offered, verse in the Petya's psalms, speeches ubo or little, or nothing knowingly and just about the sweetness of singing, spiritually amused." (The psalms by Jan Kokhanovsky were sung in the musical arrangement of Nikolai Gomulka, first in Poland and Lithuania, and in the 17th century in Muscovite Russia).

In the same preface, Simeon Polotskiy indicates three reasons that supported his decision:

2. the desire to create a Psalter, transcribed in verse, "and in our tongue we are glorious," as he has seen more than once, even in Moscow itself, poetic transcriptions of psalms into Greek and Latin, printed copies of a poetic translation of the Psalter and into Polish;

3. finally, to give a feasible effect to those who "... fell in love with the sweet and harmonious singing" of the Polish poetic Psalter and are used to singing these Polish psalms. To give the reader a comprehensible text of the Psalter, adapted both for reading, pleasing the ear, and for singing at home to this or that "voice" - this is the task that Simeon Polotsky set himself.

The task was not easy. The Psalter was one of those books of the Holy Scripture, the old Slavic prose text of which many knew in the old days almost by heart: they learned to read from the Psalter, they wondered from it, they read it in church and at home, they quoted it both orally and in writing. The Psalter was "the most popular book, not even excluding the Gospel ...". A new translation of the psalter, and even in "rhyme", according to I.P. Eremin, “could have called and really did - Simeon Polotsky was very soon convinced of this - a number of objections, all the more serious because in this case they could come from both enemies and friends. Both of them could have been alarmed by the boldness of Simeon of Polotsk's plan. " It is not surprising that the author, having given a detailed substantiation of his very plan, considered it necessary, no less thoroughly, in the same preface, to set forth the principles that guided him when he transposed the Psalter into verses.

Simeon Polotsky wrote that all his work was directed by the desire to stick as closely as possible to the traditional text of the Psalter, that in his arrangement there may be some words and even whole verses that are absent in the original, as well as omissions of some expressions of the original. But the reader should not be embarrassed by this circumstance: partial additions and omissions are inevitable, since prosaic speech cannot be literally conveyed in verse.

The Psalter of Simeon of Polotsk is indeed an almost literal verse translation of the traditional Slavic text of the Psalter. In interpreting this text, Simeon also adhered to the generally accepted norms of its interpretation. Only in one direction did he allow himself to somewhat violate the set of rules that he promised to strictly adhere to in the preface to the book - "in piitical decoration."

However, Simeon Polotsky's Psalter is remarkable not for these "piitical" adornments. In literary terms, it primarily attracts attention by the variety of its poetic dimensions. Simeon Polotsky in all his brilliance revealed his outstanding poetic skill here: he demonstrated almost all the sizes of professional syllabic verse used at that time, from the short seven-syllable to the cumbersome and lengthy fourteen-syllable. He showed here and many samples of poems based on the synthesis of various poetic sizes.

The translation of Simeon of Polotsk was done very talentedly, at the level of contemporary literary culture. It was a big and serious work, to which the author treated with all his usual responsibility and conscientiousness. Simeon of Polotsk laid the foundation for the poetic translations of the most popular Bible book into Russian. And this is his unfading merit.

CONCLUSION

Simeon Polotsky became the first figure in the history of ancient Russian religious and philosophical thought who sought to establish in the ancient Russian consciousness a completely different, new, rationalistic system of thinking.

That is why in his writings you can find so many references to ancient Greek and Western European philosophers, quotes from their works. The authority of these world-renowned sages allowed him to prove his own innocence.

He saw the glory of Russia precisely in the expansion of the limits of knowledge, in the development of education, lamenting that many of his contemporaries did not understand his aspirations.

Simeon of Polotsk considered love and loyalty to the sovereign to be one of the most important qualities of a “perfect man”. And in his specific actions, Simeon of Polotsk always stood on the side of the tsarist power and in its defense, which was manifested during the disputes between Tsar Alexei Mikhailovich and Patriarch Nikon about the rights of the "kingdom" and "priesthood."

The educational activity of Simeon of Polotsk had a great influence on the further development of Russian religious and philosophical thought, becoming a kind of ideological and cultural preparation for many changes in Russian life, carried out later by Peter I.

LIST OF REFERENCES

1. Tatarsky I. Simeon Polotsky: His life and work. M., 1986.

2. Panchenko A.M. Russian poetic culture of the 17th century L., 1973.

3. Simeon Polotskiy and his book publishing activity. M., 1982.

4. Zhukov D.A., Pushkarev L.N. Russian writers of the 17th century. M., 1972.

Slide 1

Slide Description:

Slide 2

Slide Description:

Nebuchadnezzar Nebuchadnezzar II is the eldest son and heir of Nabopolasar, the founder of the Chaldean (or New Babylonian) Empire. The most famous representative of this dynasty. He went down in history as a commander, organizer of the capital and as a person who played an outstanding role in Jewish history. His name is known from inscriptions on clay tablets, from Jewish sources and from ancient authors. The correct form of the name of Nebuchadnezzar is Nabu-kudurri-usur, which means: "God of Nabu, guard my borders." It is this name that is imprinted on the millions of bricks that are now on the ruins of the Tower of Babel, described by Herodotus. Archaeologists have also unearthed the famous "processional road". This road is paved with huge square stone slabs, and on the underside of each of them is carved the inscription: "I am Nebuchadnezzar, king of Babylon, son of Nabopalasar, king of Babylon. I paved with stone slabs from Shadu this road of processions to the temple of the great god Marduk. Marduk, lord , grant us eternal life. "

Slide 3

Slide Description:

Slide 4

Slide Description:

Slide 5

Slide Description:

Slide 6

Slide Description:

Slide 7

Slide Description:

Slide 8

Slide Description:

Slide 9

Slide Description:

Slide 10

Slide Description:

Slide 11

Slide Description:

Slide 12

Slide Description:

Miracle in the fiery cave And as the king's command was strict, and the furnace was extremely hot, the flame of fire killed those people who threw Sedrakh, Misach and Abdenago. And these three men, Sedrach, Misach and Abdenago, fell bound in a burning furnace with a fire. [And they walked in the midst of the flames singing praises to God and blessing the Lord. And becoming Azariah, he prayed and, opening his mouth in the midst of the fire, exclaimed: “Blessed are You, O Lord God of our fathers, praiseworthy and glorified is Your name for ever ...”. with tow and brushwood, and the flame rose forty-nine cubits over the stove and burst out and burned those of the Chaldeans whom it reached near the stove.But the Angel of the Lord went down into the stove with Azariah and those with him and threw the flame of fire out of the stove, and that in the middle of the furnace there was as it were a rustling moist wind, and the fire did not touch them in the least, and did not harm them, and did not confuse them.Then these three, as if with one mouth, sang in the furnace, and blessed and glorified God.

Slide 13

Slide Description:

Slide 14

Slide Description:

Slide Description:

The peculiarity of the language of the play: Old Slavonic language Poetic size (the way of writing a poetic text is a syllabic system of versification (11 syllables). Syllabic poetry is when the stress is not of interest to us, and the verse text is built on the principle of dividing by the number of syllables. before the appearance of Trediakovsky and Lomonosov and is presented in Russian literature by the already mentioned Simeon Polotsky) Comparisons Epithets Exclamation sentences Excerpts from the Bible