Eye protection. Presentation for primary grades "Hardening rules. Protection of sight and hearing" Presentation on protection of vision

14.09.2020

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Slide captions:

Vision protection

Two neighbors Fidgets. Day - at work, And night - on vacation.

"Defenders" of the eyes

Whoever reads a book while lying down, Constantly rubs his eyelids, Soon without glasses he will not be able to Read a single line. Whoever looks at the bright light, Nose leads along the notebook - That one has no hope To keep sight in order!

myopia

hyperopia

Wash your face in the morning Rules of respect for your eyesight

Not three eyes with dirty hands

Watch TV no more than 1 - 1.5 hours a day. Sit at least 3 meters to it.

Play on the computer for no more than 15 minutes

The distance from the eyes to the book is 30 - 35 cm.

Protect eyes from foreign objects falling into them

Eat vegetables and fruits.

When reading and writing, the light should fall from the left.

Strengthen your eyes by looking at the rising (setting) sun.

Do gymnastics for the eyes.

Exercise for the eyes Protect your eyes

Rotation Without moving your head, begin to rotate your eyes first clockwise, then in the opposite direction. 10 times there and back. And now the same thing, only with closed eyes.

In all directions Without turning your head, move your eyes up - down, right - left. 10 - 15 times.

Finger Press your finger to the bridge of your nose and look at it. Then slowly move your finger away from you, continuing to follow it with your eyes. Repeat this exercise several times.

Who's there? Close your eyes a little harder, and then open your eyes wide, as if you were surprised at something. Repeat this one more time.

Blink Blink, squeezing the eyelids quickly and strongly. As much as possible and faster.

Sleep Now close your eyes and relax as if you are going to sleep. Think of something very pleasant.

Test "Useful - harmful" Read lying down. 2. Look at a bright light. 3. Watch TV close. 4. Protect eyes from blows. 5. Flush your eyes in the morning. 6. Rub your eyes with dirty hands. 7. Read in good light 8. Eat vegetables and fruits.

Guys, take care of your eyes!

On the subject: methodological developments, presentations and notes

Topic: Sun, air, water - hardening factors. Protection of sight, hearing.

This topic is important and relevant in connection with the problem of preserving the health of children and the health of the nation in general. If you start from an early age, namely children ...

Memo to preserve vision during educational activities. - Read, write only in good lighting, but remember that bright light should not enter the eyes. - Keep the book or notebook at a distance of cm from the eyes. To do this, put your hand on the table with your elbow and reach your temple with your fingertips. - It is useful to put the book on an inclined stand when reading. When writing, the light should fall from the left. Otherwise, the shadow from the hand will cover the notebook. - Don't read lying down. - Don't read in public transport. The book jumps before their eyes and they get tired quickly. - If you read, write, draw, give your eyes a rest every minute: look out the window, into the distance, until you count to 20. - Not three eyes with your hands, so you can bring a speck or dangerous bacteria into them. - Use a clean handkerchief.

Memo preservation of vision while working at the computer. 1. Place the monitor just above eye level to reduce stress on the muscles around the eye. in this position they are least tense. 2. Evening lighting of the room should be blue; the brightness is similar to that of the display. 3. Charge the eyes every minute. Half an hour of work on the computer, and then a break of at least half an hour. Work at the computer with special glasses that will protect your eyes. Do not watch TV for more than 2 hours.

Memo preservation of vision during extracurricular activities (watching TV) Factors contributing to visual impairment: Factors contributing to visual impairment: - distance - lighting - image quality - viewing duration - viewing duration Rules: -Do not watch programs for more than 1.5 hours. - Sit down from the TV screen no closer than 2-3 meters.

- Observe the landing rules. Keep a book or notebook at a distance of cm from your eyes. To do this, put your hand on the table with your elbow and reach your temple with your fingertips - Not three eyes with your hands, so you can put a speck or dangerous bacteria into them. - Use a clean handkerchief. - Keep the gas away from sharp objects. Standard 1.

Wellness and preventive measures RULES: Sit straight Keep your back straight, the case strictly to the monitor We know theoretically and in practice the risk of occurrence Legs do not cross Elbows are bent and are about 3 cm from the case The system unit and monitor should be as far away from you as possible Do not leave the computer turned on for a long time If possible, shorten the time you work at the computer and interrupt work more often

Lesson objectives:

- to give children the information they need to improve their health, to develop, on the basis of this knowledge, the necessary hygiene skills and habits that are necessary for life and work.

To reveal the importance of hardening for human health.

Teach children to be observant, develop imagination and draw conclusions.

To educate sanitary and hygienic skills for caring for the organs of hearing and vision.

Equipment:textbook, interactive whiteboard.

During the classes.

1. Organizational moment.

- Greeting

- Checking the readiness of the workplace.

- Topic message.

Look and name the items that are superfluous. Why? (slide number 1)

What are the other items?

Listen to the poem (Two children are reading and pointing at the children sitting in scarves)

To everyone who wants to be healthy

I told them in winter:

Would be tempered with me.

In the morning, running and invigorating shower.

As for adults, real!

Open windows at night

Breathe fresh air.

Wash your feet with cold water.

And then the microbe is hungry

You will never be overcome.

If you do not obey - they get sick!

What did you understand from the poem?

Today we will talk about hardening the body, about a healthy lifestyle. (slide number 2)

2. Work on the topic of the lesson.

a) Teacher's story.

About hardening

Think about why the sun, air and water are our best friends for the body?

It's bad to be unhardened. He stood in the wind and caught a cold. He wet his feet in rainy weather - went back to bed. To prevent this from happening, you need to do hardening... A seasoned person without harm to health tolerates both wind and rain, cold, almost does not get sick with colds. Hardening is carried out using air, water, sun. (slide number 3)

Air Clean, fresh air improves appetite, sleep improves health. Children and adults who regularly visit the fresh air are less likely to get sick. You can temper your body if you do exercises with an open window, sleep in a warm season with an open window, if you play more in the fresh air.

Water hardens remarkably. Start off hardening water is best from a cool shower. The water temperature should be reduced gradually. It is very helpful to wash your feet with cool water before bed. In summer, swimming in a clean river, pond, lake, sea is perfect. Do not forget that you can stay in the water for no more than 10 minutes and always under the supervision of adults.

The sun will help you tan and get stronger. Going out into the sun, put on a light hat or scarf. Some guys spend several hours in the sun to get a tan as soon as possible. It is dangerous to health. Alternation is very useful: a few minutes in the sun, a few minutes in the shade. Remember to use a sunscreen that protects your skin from sunburn. Thanks to the sun, our body receives the most important vitamin - D, which helps children to grow.

You need to temper your body gradually, but persistently. At the same time, not only health is strengthened, but also willpower.

Guys, I told you about the most important natural parts that affect health, name these parts? ( sun, air and water)

How does water help us? ( With the help of water we are tempered, doused with water, swim, bathe in the river, sea, in the pool)

How does the sun help us? ( We sunbathe in the sun and get a vitamin that helps us grow)

How does air help us? - We do exercises, run, play and our body gets clean air for breathing.

Guys, let's get together the hardening rules. , healthy lifestyle.

VERDICT: (slide number 4)

Hardening rules

1. It is necessary to play on playgrounds, in parks and squares, on green lawns. Places where there is a lot of dust and little greenery are not suitable for games. Do not play near garbage cans, cesspools, toilets. You cannot play on sidewalks and roads - it is life-threatening.

2. Breathe deeply and calmly through your nose. Loud screams and exclamations, especially on cold days, can lead to disease of the vocal cords and respiratory tract.

3. During games, one should not get excited, quarrel, in no case drink cold water in a hot state.

Do not play continuously in outdoor games for 1 - 1, 5 hours. After 30 - 40 minutes. You need to rest for 5-10 minutes. In case of frost - 15 ° C, strong winds, the duration of games and walks in the fresh air should be shortened.

(two students come out in scarves and read a poem)

We realized too late, brothers,

How useful it is to temper.

Let's stop coughing and sneezing -

We will take a shower

From icy water.

Wait! Oh oh oh!

You cannot become strong instantly

Temper gradually

Physical minutes to music. (slide number 5)

b) The eyes are the organ of vision.

Now I’m going to guess a riddle, and you try to guess what kind of sense organ it is.

Riddle.

See the whole light

And each other is not.

What is it? (Eyes) (slide # 7) EYES

They see the whole light, but not each other.

Or organ of vision - this is our new concept, who already knows how to read it.

Close your eyes with your hands. What do you see? Now open up and say:

What can we determine with the help of the organ of vision? (Color, light ...)

What is it? (Ball)

What shape is it? (Round) So we can still determine the size, shape.

Story.The eyes are the organ of vision. Our eyes are protected by movable eyelids - upper and lower. There are eyelashes on the eyelids. Eyelids and eyelashes protect the eyes from strong wind, dust, sun. Eyes should be protected, not watching TV for a long time, playing computer games.

- How many of you know the poem about eyes? (The student reads by heart)

Take care of your eyes.

Crocodile came to the ophthalmologist, cried bitterly, asked for advice:

I watched TV all day, sat over a book until midnight.

He usually did not like to turn on the light and spent the evenings in the dark.

I saw everything! But now I can't! The doctor replied: - I will help you.

But at the same time he said with annoyance: - You had to take care of your eyes!

Unforgivable behavior - so spoil good eyesight!

Never read in the dark! Turn on the TV less often!

And you have to order glasses to read the newspapers again!

c) Ears are the organ of hearing.

You will recognize the next sense organ by guessing the riddle.

Riddle.

One says

Two are looking

Two are listening.

What is it? (Ears). (slide number 8) EARS.

ONE SPEAKS, TWO LOOK, TWO LISTEN.

Right. Now we will talk about organ of hearing - this is the second new concept, let's read it.

What would happen if we did not have an organ of hearing? (Did not hear)

What do we distinguish with our ears? (Sounds, speech, voices)

Story.What we call the ear is the part of the ear - the auricle. It allows you to pick up sounds. It is necessary to protect your hearing: do not listen to loud music, do not use headphones for a long time, do not bring sharp objects to the auricle, and even more so to climb there.

Children. You can not listen to loud music, do not bring sharp objects to your ears

3. Working with the book. (slide number 9)

Working with the tutorial.

Teacher. Consider the pictures and answer how to preserve hearing and vision?

4. Anchoring.(slide number 10)

Anchoring.

Tell us how to protect your hearing and sight?

Game "Forbidden - Allowed"

Play outdoor games

Play dangerous games

To douse yourself with cool water

Swim in the river, in the sea under the supervision of adults,

Rub your eyes with dirty hands.

Work on sheets

Before you are the sheets on which the organs are depicted. Take a green pencil

and color the circle, the organ that defines sounds, voices, speech.

With a blue pencil, highlight the organ that determines the shape, light, size.

Look at the illustrations below and circle the ones we need to harden the body.

5. Lesson summary.

What important natural factors affecting health do you know? Name them?

What rules have you learned to preserve our health?

What organ helps us to identify sound, voice, speech?

What organ determines colors, shape, size?

What should be done to keep the ears and eyes healthy?

6. Assessment of children.

Slide 2

Meaning of vision

We distinguish objects around us. The movement of living and inanimate bodies. Graphic and color signals (letters, numbers, portraits). Important for work. We perceive the experience of our ancestors through books, written speech.

Slide 3

What is our eye made of

The optic nerve that transmits impulses to the brain The lens focuses light on the retina Retinal cells convert light into nerve impulses Blood vessels provide the eye with nutrition The colored iris changes the size of the pupil Cornea is the “window” of the eye The pupil is the opening that lets light into the eye

Slide 4

How the pupil reacts to light

Normal pupil size In dim light, the pupil dilates to let in more light.In strong light, the pupil contracts to prevent damage to the retina

Slide 5

As we see

The transparent cornea lets light into the eye, which then passes through the pupil and falls - after focusing by the lens - onto the retina. The retina is the film that lines the back of the eyeball and contains light-sensitive cells. When light hits these cells, they send signals to the brain. There, these signals are converted into a picture.

Slide 6

Why does the eye need tears

The lacrimal glands produce tears Tears can flow down the cheeks The eyelids protect the eyes The tear ducts drain tears into the nose The canal leads to the inside of the nose Tears collect in the nose and can start dripping from there

Slide 7

Washing eyes

There are lacrimal glands above each eye, continuously emitting tears. When we blink, they wash our eyes. Tears remove dust, kill pathogenic bacteria and constantly wet the surface of the cornea. They drain through the tear ducts into the nasal cavity. When we cry, tears run down our cheeks and may even drip from our nose.

Slide 8

Causes of visual impairment

A person sees objects equally well at close and far distances. This is due to the property of the lens to change the curvature and become more convex. Visual impairments are common: myopia and hyperopia.

Slide 9

Myopia

Nearsighted people have blurred images of distant objects. The cause of congenital myopia may be the elongated shape of the eyeball. Myopia can develop in a person due to impaired vision hygiene.

Slide 10

Farsightedness

Farsighted people have blurry images of closely spaced objects. With congenital hyperopia, the eyeball is shortened. Farsightedness can also be caused by a decrease in the ability of the lens to change the curvature, which is most often observed in older people.

Slide 11

First aid for eye damage

Carelessness and inability to use household appliances can lead to severe household eye injuries. Inadvertent hammering of nails or chopping wood can also cause eye injury. Since the injured objects are usually contaminated, the injury can be complicated by an infectious disease with the threat of partial or complete loss of vision. If an accident occurs, you need to be able to provide first aid.

Slide 12

If a speck gets into your eye, rinse it and remove the speck from your eyelid with a clean, damp cotton swab or clean handkerchief. First you need to wash your hands. In case of injury, apply cotton wool or a clean handkerchief to the eye, moistened with cold water. In case of severe injuries, the eyes should not be washed out and the foreign body should not be removed. In this case, a clean bandage should be applied to the eye and the victim should be sent to the hospital. If alkali, acid, poisonous substances get into gas, immediately rinse your eyes with clean running water for 15-20 minutes, then immediately consult a doctor.

Slide 13

Hygiene of vision

Printed or written text cannot be viewed at close range. In such cases, the lens is in a position of increased bulge for a long time, which is associated with eye strain and leads to the development of myopia. When reading, writing, drawing or other work, place the object at a distance of 30-35 cm from the eye. It is also important to monitor the lighting. When writing, the light should fall from the left. Reading while lying down in transport is harmful to eyesight. Visual impairment can occur due to a lack of vitamin A in the body. Smoking has a harmful effect on vision. Nicotine and other tobacco poisons sometimes cause severe damage to the optic nerve.

Slide 14

In a strong wind with dust, pathogenic microbes can be brought into the eyes. Infection can get into the eyes from dirty hands, unclean towels, handkerchiefs and cause conjunctivitis. Therefore, you need to protect your eyes from dust, do not rub them with your hands, wipe only with a clean towel or handkerchief. The rays of the sun also have a harmful effect on the eyes, therefore it is necessary to protect your eyes from bright light with sunglasses.

Slide 15

Vision training

To train your eyes, you need to perform special exercises. The most simple: alternately look into the distance, past some point of the window frame, then at this point. This exercise is performed 3-5 minutes every hour. Without turning your head, look right, left, up, down. Follow the movements of an adult's hand with your eyes without turning your head: up, down, left, in a circle. "Run" with your eyes along the outline of a large drawing. "Take a nap" - close your eyes for a minute and relax.

Slide 16

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OBJECTIVES OF CREATING A CLASS OF VISION PROTECTION

OFFICE

WORK OF SPECIALISTS

MEDICAL OFFICE

OBJECTIVES OF CREATING A CLASS OF VISION PROTECTION

Currently, an increase in the number of children with various developmental disorders (disorders of the musculoskeletal system, neuropsychiatric disorders, school myopia) is characteristic. Visual impairments occupy one of the central places in this list. In addition, every year the number of children at risk for vision is growing, that is, children who may have vision problems with the appearance of even minor adverse factors.

The most common visual impairments in primary school are:

- mild and moderate myopia;

- moderate hyperopia;

- astigmatism;

- moderate and mild amblyopia;

- squint.

OFFICE

The office is equipped in compliance with sanitary and hygienic standards:

the walls are painted with matte green paint,
matte board,
matte single desks (glossy shine overloads defective vision),
good lighting with fluorescent lamps (with this kind of lighting your eyes are less tired).