1)
C6H6
2)
C5H8
3)
C6H14
4)
C6H12

2. The length of the C ДлинаC bond and the bond angle in alkyn molecules are, respectively,
1)
180˚ and 0.154 nm
3)
120˚ and 0.134 nm
2)
180˚ and 0.120 nm
4)
109˚28 ′ and 0.154 nm

3. A solution of KMnO4 decolorizes both substances in a row
1)
propyne and propane
3)
acetylene and ethylene
2)
butadiene-1,3 and butane
4)
butylene and isobutane

4. As a result of Kucherov's reaction,
1)
ethanol
2)
ethane
3)
ethanal
4)
ethanediol-1,2

5. Acetylene is produced in industry using
1)
hydrolysis of calcium carbide
3)
oil distillation
2)
methane pyrolysis
4)
hydrogenation of ethene

6. Etin can be distinguished from ethane by
1)
litmus
3)
copper (II) hydroxide
2)
aqueous alkali solution
4)
bromine water

7. Which of the above statements about propyne and its properties are correct?
A. The propyne molecule contains a tetrahedral fragment of atoms.
B. Propyne can be distinguished from propane by using an aqueous solution of potassium permanganate.
1)
only A is true
2)
only B is true
3)
both statements are true
4)
both statements are wrong

8. In the transformation scheme
CaC2 X1 X2
substances X1 and X2 are respectively
1)
C2H4 and C2H5Cl
3)
C2H2 and CH2Cl-CH2Cl
2)
C2H2 and CH2 \u003d CHCl
4)
CH4 and CH3Cl

9. Propyne is capable of reacting with each of the substances indicated in the row
1)
KOH, C6H6, Br2
4)
H2, O2, Na
2)
Cu, H2, H2O
5)
KMnO4, CH4, HBr
3)
Cl2, HCl, OH
6)
H2O, Cl, Cl2

Part A. Test tasks with a choice of answer 1. Formula of butin-2: A. CH \u003d C - CH2 - CH3. B. CH3 - C \u003d C - CH3.

B. CH3 - C \u003d CH.

G. CH3 - C \u003d C - CH2 - CH3.

2. The first member of the homologous series of alkynes:

B. Propin.

3. The isomer of pentine-1 is:

A. Penten-1.

B. 2-Methylbutane.

B. 3-Methylbutin-1.

D. 3-Methylpentine-1.

4. The bond between carbon atoms in the acetylene molecule:

A. Single.

B. Triple.

B. Double.

G. One and a half.

5. Formula of a substance characterized by a hydrogenation reaction:

6. Method for producing butin-1.

A. Dehydrogenation of butene-1.

B. Chlorination of methane.

B. Dehydrogenation of propane.

D. Hydration of butene-1.

7. Raw materials for industrial production of polyvinyl chloride:

A. Acetylene. V. Chlorethane.

B. Ethylene. G. Butadiene-1,3.

8. Bromine water becomes discolored when a substance is passed through it, the formula of which is:

G. C4H10. 9. Catalyst in Kucherov's reaction:

A. Sulfuric acid.

B. Aluminum chloride.

B. Mercury (II) sulfate.

G. Platinum.

10. The formula of a hydrocarbon, with complete combustion of 1 mol of which is formed 4 mol of carbon monoxide (IV) and 3 mol of water: A. С4Н8. B. C4H10. B. C2H6. G. C4H6. Part B... Free answer tasks

11. What color and markings are steel cylinders used for storing methane and acetylene?

12. Derive the formula of a hydrocarbon, 2.24 liters of which (n.o.) have a mass of 4 g.

13. Make up the reaction equations according to the given scheme: calcium carbonate \u003d\u003e calcium carbide \u003d\u003e acetylene. Indicate the conditions for their implementation.

1. Know the general formula of alkanes, formulas and names of substances of the homologous series of alkanes (up to octane);

2. Know the definitions: homologues, homologous series, isomers, isomerism. Be able to write isomer formulas, determine the type of isomerism.
Create isomer formulas for C4H10 and for C4H8.
3. Know the chemical properties of alkanes, be able to write the reaction equations.
4. Know the general formula of alkenes, formulas and names of substances of the homologous series of alkenes (up to octene)
5. Know the chemical properties of alkenes, be able to write the reaction equations
6. Application of alkanes and alkenes
7. Know the general formula of alkynes and alkadienes (up to C7)
8. Know the chemical properties of alkynes, be able to write the reaction equations.
9. Know the general formula of benzene, its chemical properties, application

Alkines (otherwise acetylenic hydrocarbons) are hydrocarbons containing a triple bond between carbon atoms, with the general formula CnH2n-2. The carbon atoms in the triple bond are in the state of sp - hybridization.

Interaction of acetylene with bromine water

The acetylene molecule contains a triple bond, bromine destroys it and joins acetylene. Terabromoethane is formed. Bromine is spent on the formation of tetrabromoethane. Bromine water (yellow) - discolored.

This reaction proceeds at a lower rate than in the series of ethylene hydrocarbons. The reaction also proceeds in steps:

HC ≡ CH + Br 2 → CHBr \u003d CHBr + Br 2 → CHBr 2 - CHBr 2

acetylene → 1,2-dibromoethane → 1,1,2,2-tetrabromoethane

Discoloration of bromine water proves the lack of acetylene.

Reaction of acetylene with potassium permanganate solution

In a solution of potassium permanganate, acetylene is oxidized, while the molecule breaks at the site of the triple bond, the solution quickly becomes discolored.

3НC ≡ СН + 10KMnO 4 + 2H 2 O → 6CO 2 + 10KOH + 10MnO 2

This reaction is a qualitative double and triple bond reaction.

Reaction of acetylene with ammonia solution of silver oxide

If acetylene is passed through an ammonia solution of silver oxide, the hydrogen atoms in the acetylene molecule are easily replaced by metals, since they have high mobility. In this experiment, hydrogen atoms are replaced by silver atoms. Formed silver acetylenide - yellow precipitate (explosive).

CH ≡ CH + OH → AgC≡CAg ↓ + NH 3 + H 2 O

This reaction is a qualitative triple bond reaction.

3) CH3 O CH3

4) CH3COO CH3

3.Specify a compound containing a carboxyl group:

1) aromatic alcohol

2) aldehyde

3) simple ether

4.Specify a compound containing a carbonyl group:

1) aromatic alcohol

2) aldehyde

3) simple ether

4) unsaturated polybasic acid

5.Name the connection: O

CH3 - CH - CH - C

1) 2-methyl-3-bromobutanol-1

2) 2-bromo-3-methylbutanal

3) 2-methyl-3-bromobutanal

4) 2-bromo-3-methylpropanal

6. Reaction СН3СНО + Ag2O СН3СООН + 2 Ag:

1) Polycondensation

2) Esterification

3) "silver mirror"

4) Kucherova

7. The functional group of carboxylic acids is called:

1) Carbonyl

2) Hydroxyl

3) Carboxyl

4) ester

8. Acetic acid does not react with the following metal:

9. What is the name of the aldehyde:

1) 2-Methyl-3-propylbutanal;
2) 2,3-dimethylhexanal;
3) 4,5-dimethylhexanal;
4) 2-methyl-2-propylbutanal

10. What is the general carbohydrate formula:

11. Indicate the carbohydrate, which is the main part of the wood:

1) Starch

2) Cellulose

4) Maltose

12. What is the fructose formula:

13.Pentose, which is part of DNA, is:

1) Glucose

2) Fructose

4) deoxyribose

14. Milk sugar is a disaccharide:

1) Sucrose

2) Maltose

3) Lactose

4) Galactose

15. Beet or cane sugar is a disaccharide:

1) Maltose

2) Sucrose

3) Galactose

4) Lactose

16. Malt sugar:

1) Galactose

2) Sucrose

3) Lactose

4) Maltose

17. In plant cells, starch performs the function of:

1) Transfer of hereditary information

2) Supply of nutrients

3) Construction and structural

4) Catalyst biological processes

18. In plant cells, cellulose performs the function:

1) Supply of nutrients

2) Catalyst of biological processes

3) Construction and structural

4) Transfer of hereditary information

19. Give a name to the connection:

CH3 - CH - CH - CH3

1) 3-methylbutanol-2 3) 3-methylpropanone-2

2) 2-methylbutanol-3 4) 2 -methylpropanal-2

20. Complete the equation of the chemical reaction and give it a name:

R1 - C + HO - R2 ↔

1) hydration 3) joining

2) esterification reaction 4) substitution

Among the characteristics listed below, select those that generally relate to liquid fats - oils:

1) Are of plant origin

2) Are of animal origin

3) Well soluble in water

4) Well soluble in organic solvents

7) decolorize bromine water

8) Are esters of glycerin

Give your answer as a sequence of numbers in ascending order.

B-2 Match a fat characteristic to an example of a fat that matches that characteristic. Give the answer in the form of a sequence of numbers corresponding to letters in alphabetical order:

CHARACTERISTIC:

A) solid fat of vegetable origin

B) solid fat of animal origin

C) Liquid fat of animal origin

D) Liquid fat of vegetable origin

1) Flaxseed oil

2) Butter

3) Fish oil

4) Palm oil

Hello. Help me please. 1) Indicate the number of isomeric carboxylic acids of the composition C5H10O2: a) 3 b) 2 c) 4 d)

2) When dissolved in water, 1 mol of acetic anhydride forms:

a) 2 mol of ethanal

b) 2 mol of ethanol

c) 2 mol of acetic acid

d) 1 mol of methyl acetate

3) What substances does sodium acetate react with:

a) Hydrochloric acid

b) Sodium hydroxide when heated

c) Carbonic acid

4) When ethanol and carbon monoxide (II) interact, the corresponding conditions are obtained?

a) ethanal

b) propanal

c) propanoic acid

d) methyl acetate

5) What type of reactions can unsaturated carboxylic acids enter into: a) Oxidation

b) Polymerization

c) Accessions

d) Esterification

6) What substances does formic acid react with:

a) Copper II chloride

b) Sodium sulfate

c) Potassium hydrogen carbonate

d) ammonia solution of silver oxide I

7) Unlike stearic acid, oleic acid:

a) Liquid at room temperature

b) soluble in water

c) Discolours bromine water

d) Reacts with alkalis

8) What substances react with water:

a) linoleic acid

b) ethanol

c) propanal

d) propane

9) Which one reagent can be used to distinguish solutions of glycerin, propanal, and ethanic acid:

a) Bromine water

b) potassium carbonate

c) copper hydroxide II

d) nitric acid

10) In reactions with which substances with the participation of acetic acid, a hydrosyl group is split off from its molecule:

a) Metals

b) Alkalis

c) alcohols

d) metal carbonates

Help pliz, solve two problems! :( put 11 points 1) With which of the following substances: sodium hydroxide, bromine water, dimethyl ether -

It is customary to write through this formula - Br2, although it is in solution in the form of a mixture of two acids - HBrO (hypobromous acid) and HBr. This compound has a yellow-orange color and a rather low freezing point. It is a strong oxidizing agent that is capable of oxidizing the cations of such metals in an alkaline environment - Cr +3, Mn +3, Fe +2, Co + 2, Ni +3. The addition of Br 2 reduces the pH of the solution, because bromine water contains free acids.

It is a chemically active substance that can interact with both inorganic and organic substances. Let's consider some of the chemical processes with this compound.

Discoloration of bromine water serves everything. To carry out such an experiment, it is necessary to mix a small amount of any alkene or alkyne in a test tube with Br 2. In the course of this reaction, the addition of bromine atoms occurs at the site of the breaking of the double or triple bond. The disappearance of the yellow-orange color during this interaction is evidence of the unsaturation of the hydrocarbon taken.

The chemical reaction "phenol - bromine water" is used to precipitate bromine-substituted compounds from solutions. If this interaction of substances is carried out in an anhydrous medium, then the formation of tribromophenol will take a couple of days. Therefore, a small amount of H 2 O is added as a catalyst.

Bromine water in the laboratory is prepared as follows: add 250 ml of distilled water to 1 ml of bromine, while stirring intensively. The prepared solution is stored in a tightly closed dark glass container. If the prepared Br 2 is stored in the light or in a light flask, then oxygen will evolve due to the hypobromous acid content. The work on the preparation of the reagent is carried out in a fume hood. Since bromine itself is poisonous, and bromine water contains it, care must be taken when working with it.

It is necessary to take into account the fact that when Br 2 comes into contact with the skin, severe itching appears, and with prolonged exposure, ulcers may appear. If the substance comes into contact with the skin, it should be rinsed with plenty of water, and then with a large wound surface or deep lesions of the epidermis, the skin is additionally lubricated with an ointment containing NaHCO 3.

Bromine water is widely used in chemical analysis and synthesis of organic preparations. So, it is used in the production of bromine-containing drugs. And here you need to be careful, because long-term use of them can lead to the disease - bromism. The main symptoms are apathy, lethargy, skin rash. For a faster removal of bromine ions from the body, they follow a diet with a high salt content and drink plenty of fluids. Bromine water is also used at the intermediate stages of the production of fire retardants - substances that protect against flames. They are impregnated with fabrics, wood, building material.