To which Vronsky goes.
So, the novel was published in full. The next edition (in its entirety) was in 1878.
Therefore, a "lively, hot and complete novel" will be contemporary in any historical era.
The novel, touching upon feelings "close to everyone personally," became a living reproach to his contemporaries, whom Nikolai Leskov ironically called "Real secular people".
Leo Tolstoy described the era of "the decline of ancient civilization", the writer felt the approach of changes in the life of the noble society, but could not foresee what kind of catastrophe they would turn into in less than half a century.
In the last, eighth part, LN Tolstoy just shows a lack of interest in "work" entitled "Experience of reviewing the foundations and forms of statehood in Europe and Russia." A review of the book, on which Sergei Ivanovich Koznyshev (Lyovin's brother) worked for 6 years, was written by a young ignorant feuilletonist, making him a laughing stock. Due to the failure of his book, Koznyshev devoted himself entirely to the Slavic issue in the Serbian war.
He admitted that the newspapers printed a lot of unnecessary and exaggerated, with one purpose - to attract attention and shout down others. He saw that with this general upsurge of society, all the failed and offended people jumped forward and shouted louder than others: commanders-in-chief without armies, ministers without ministries, journalists without magazines, party leaders without partisans. He saw that there was much that was frivolous and funny ...
Characters of the novel
The entourage of Leo Nikolaevich Tolstoy is modern society Anna Oblonskaya - Karenina. Tolstoy's observations of the feelings and thoughts of real people became an "artistic depiction of the life" of the characters in the novel.
There are no coincidences in Tolstoy's novel. The path begins with a railway, without which communication was impossible. On the way from Petersburg to Moscow, Princess Vronskaya tells Anna Karenina about her son Alexei. Anna comes to reconcile Dolly with her brother Steva, convicted of treason, and who is “to blame” all around. Vronsky meets his mother, Steve meets his sister. The hitchhiker perishes under the wheels ... The seeming "eventual orderliness" only reveals and shows the state of internal chaos and confusion of the heroes - "everything is mixed up." And the “thick whistle of a steam locomotive” does not make the heroes wake up from their contrived dream, it does not cut the knot, on the contrary, it intensifies the melancholy of the heroes, who subsequently pass through the brink of last despair. The death of the coupler under the wheels of a steam locomotive became "a bad omen", "the beautiful horror of a blizzard" symbolized the imminent destruction of the family.
How horrible the situation of Anna, from whom the world has turned away, and whose representatives do not risk communicating with the "criminal woman" at home, becomes obvious from the sequence of events.
Blinded by love, the young Count Vronsky follows her like a shadow, which in itself seems quite attractive for discussion in the secular living room of Betsy Tverskaya's house. Married Anna can only offer friendship and does not approve of Vronsky's act towards Kitty Shtcherbatskaya.
Nothing boded great trouble. The secular princess advised Anna Arkadyevna: “You see, you can look at the same thing tragically and make a torment out of it, and look simple and even fun. Maybe you tend to look at things too tragically. "
But Anna saw signs of fate in all events. Anna sees death in childbirth in a dream: “You will die in childbirth, mother,” she constantly thought about death and the absence of a future. But fate gives a second chance (like Vronsky, when trying to shoot himself), Anna does not die, but the doctor relieves her pain with morphine.
For Anna, the loss of her son will become unbearable, who will grow up in the house of a strict father, with contempt for the mother who left him.
She dreams of the impossible: to unite in one house the two most dear people, Alexei Vronsky and her son Seryozha. All attempts by the gentle and sensible brother Stiva to get Karenin for a divorce and leave Anna's son were unsuccessful. All actions of the statesman Karenin took place under the influence of the laws of secular society, flattery to his vanity of Countess Lidia Ivanovna, and "according to religion."
The choice was: "The happiness of magnanimous forgiveness" or the desire to love and live.
Tolstoy vividly criticizes the "old custom", the legislatively complex divorce process, which is becoming practically impossible and condemned in the world.
Rather, she wanted to rid everyone of herself. Anna brings misfortune to everyone, "tearing apart" the personality in pieces, depriving them of inner peace.
Prototypes. Characters. Images
Konstantin Levin
Lev, Lev Nikolaevich Tolstoy. He was depicted in the novel as a typical image of a Russian idealist, but he shows far from the best part of his "I".
The revelations of Lev Nikolaevich's diary, in which he conscientiously recorded all his intimate experiences, made a depressing impression on Sofya Andreyevna before the wedding. Tolstoy felt his responsibility and guilt before her.
Levin, not without an inner struggle, gave her his diary. He knew that there could not and should not be secrets between him and her, and therefore he decided that it should be so; but he did not give himself an idea of \u200b\u200bhow this might work, he did not transfer himself into her. Only when that evening he came to them in front of the theater, entered her room and<…> understood the abyss that separated his shameful past from her pigeon purity, and was horrified at what he did.
Two days after marrying 18-year-old Sophia Bers, 34-year-old Lev Nikolaevich wrote to his grandmother: “I constantly feel as if I have stolen an undeserved, not assigned happiness. Here she comes, I can hear her, and it is so good " (from a letter to A.A.Tolstoy on September 28, 1862). These feelings are reflected in the moods of Levin and Kitty:
She forgave him, but since then he considered himself unworthy of her even more, morally bowed down to her even lower and appreciated his undeserved happiness even higher.
Nikolay Levin
Dmitry Nikolaevich Tolstoy. He was ascetic, strict and religious, his family nicknamed him Noah. Then he began to revel, bought and took the corrupt Masha to him.
Anna Karenina (Oblonskaya)
In 1868, in the house of General Tulubiev, L.N. Tolstoy met Maria Alexandrovna Hartung, Pushkin's daughter. Tolstoy described some of the features of her appearance: dark hair, white lace, and a small purple garland of pansies.
In appearance and marital status, described by L.N. Tolstoy, the prototype could be Alexandra Alekseevna Obolenskaya (1831-1890, ur.Dyakova), wife of A.V. Obolensky and sister of Maria Alekseevna Dyakova, who was married to S.M. Sukhotin ...
Character
Fate
Anna Stepanovna Pirogova, whom unhappy love led to death, in 1872 (because of A.N.Bibikov) From the memoirs of Sofya Andreevna:
LN Tolstoy went to the railway barracks to see the unfortunate woman.
Situation
Divorce was very rare. And the story of the marriage of Alexei Konstantinovich Tolstoy to S. A. Bakhmetyeva, who left her husband L. Miller (E. L. Tolstoy's nephew) for him, made a lot of noise in the world. Before her marriage to L. Miller, Sofya Bakhmeteva gave birth to a daughter, Sofya (married Khitrovo) from Prince G.N. Vyazemsky (1823-1882), who fought a duel with her brother and killed him. A. K. Tolstoy dedicated the lines to her: "Amid the noisy ball ...".
Also, the situation in the Tolstoy-Sukhotin-Obolensky family turned out to be a difficult story:
The wife of the chamberlain Sergei Mikhailovich Sukhotin (1818-1886), Maria Alekseevna Dyakova, achieved a divorce in 1868 and married S.A. Ladyzhensky.
His son, Mikhail Sergeevich Sukhotin (1850-1914), married the daughter of L.N. Tolstoy, Tatyana Lvovna, and his first wife was Maria Mikhailovna Bode-Kolycheva, from whose marriage there were five children (later, her daughter Natalya married Nikolai Leonidovich Obolensky (1872-1934), son of Leo Tolstoy's niece Elizabeth, previously married to his daughter Maria).
Having combined in Anna Karenina: the image and appearance of Maria Gartung, the tragic love story of Anna Pirogova and the incidents from the life of MM Sukhotina and SA Miller-Bakhmetyeva, LN Tolstoy leaves just the tragic ending. " I take revenge, and I will repay”(Tue 12:19).
Image development
In the original concept of Leo Tolstoy, the heroine of the novel was Tatyana Sergeevna Stavrovich (Anna Arkadyevna Karenina), her husband was Mikhail Mikhailovich Stavrovich (Alexei Alexandrovich Karenin), her lover was Ivan Petrovich Balashev (Alexey Kirillovich Vronsky). The images were slightly different.
"There was something defiant and cocky about her dress and gait and something simple and humble in her face with big black eyes and a smile like Brother Steve's."
In the penultimate, ninth version of the manuscript of the novel, L.N. Tolstoy already describes Anna's nightmare:
She fell asleep in that heavy, dead sleep, which was given to a person as salvation against unhappiness, that sleep that they sleep after a misfortune from which they need to rest. She woke up in the morning not refreshed with sleep. A terrible nightmare appeared in her dreams again: an old man with a tousled beard was doing something, bending over the iron, saying Il faut le battre le fer, le broyer, le pétrir. She woke up in a cold sweat.<…> You have to live, she said to herself, you can always live. Yes, it is unbearable to live in the city, it's time to go to the country. "
The work on the novel burdened Leo Tolstoy (“I reluctantly sat down to write”), he often put it off, engaging in educational programs (“I break away from real people to fictional ones”); and was indifferent to its success. In a letter to A. A. Fet, he said that "boring and vulgar Anna K. is disgusting to him ... My Anna bothered me like a bitter radish."
In addition, the publishers were embarrassed by her revelation, in which "an impossible, terrible and even more charming dream came true, but turned for Anna into a feeling of physical humiliation."
In February 1875 LN Tolstoy wrote to MN Katkov: “I cannot touch anything in the last chapter. Bright realism is the only tool, since I can not use either pathos or reasoning. And this is one of the places where the whole novel stands. If it is false, then everything is false. "
However, on February 16, 1875, after reading this chapter by B.N.Almazov, and a meeting of the Society of Lovers of Russian Literature on this matter, L.N. Tolstoy received a welcome telegram on behalf of the members of the Society.
In the original version of the novel, the heroine gets a divorce and lives with her lover, they have two children. But the way of life is changing, they "like moths are surrounded by ill-mannered writers, musicians and painters." Like a ghost, an ex-husband appears, an unhappy "haggard, hunched-over old man" who bought a revolver from a gunsmith to kill his wife and shoot himself, but then comes to his ex-wife's house: “He appears to her as a confessor and calls her to a religious revival ". Vronsky (Balashev) and Anna (Tatyana Sergeevna) quarrel, he leaves, she leaves a note, leaves, and a day later her body is found in the Neva.
Alexey Vronsky
Count Alexei Kirillovich Vronsky, in the original version of the novel - Ivan Petrovich Balashev, then Udashev, Gagin.
Prototype
The image of Vronsky in the light. “Vronsky was endowed with rare qualities: modesty, courtesy, calmness and dignity. According to family legend, Vronsky wore a silver earring in his left ear, at the age of 25 he wore a beard and began to go bald. "
The image of Vronsky at the races. Leo Tolstoy has a very detailed and figurative description of the races, based on the stories of Prince D. D. Obolensky. "A stocky figure, a cheerful, firm and tanned face, shining eyes staring forward."
Vronsky through the eyes of Anna. “A hard, gentle face. Submissive and firm eyes, asking for love and stirring up love. "
Vronsky in the war (after Anna's death). Two months have passed ... Russian officers take part in the Serbo-Montenegrin-Turkish war, which began in June 1876. On April 12, 1877, Russia declared war on Turkey. Steve meets Vronsky at the station “In a long coat and a black hat with wide brims, walking arm in arm with his mother. Oblonsky was walking beside him, saying something animatedly. Vronsky, frowning, looked before him, as if not hearing what Stepan Arkadyevich was saying.<…> He looked around ... and silently raised his hat. His face, aged and expressing suffering, seemed petrified. "... - L. N. Tolstoy
Alexey Alexandrovich Karenin
In the original version of the novel - Mikhail Mikhailovich Stavrovich.
Character
The hero's surname comes from the Greek Kareon - head. With Karenin, reason prevails over feeling. Since 1870, Leo Tolstoy studied Greek and could read Homer in the original.
Prototypes
By design, Karenin was "a very kind person, completely withdrawn into himself, absent-minded and not brilliant in society, such a learned eccentric", with obvious author's sympathy he painted the image of Leo Tolstoy. But in Anna's eyes - he is a monster, moreover, "he is stupid and angry."
Countess Lidia Ivanovna
Instead of Countess Lidia Ivanovna, Karenin's sister, Maria Aleksandrovna Karenina (Mari), appears in Leo Tolstoy's manuscript, caringly engaged in the upbringing of his son, whose name is Sasha.
Marie's virtuous inclinations turned not to good deeds, but to fight against those that hindered them. And as deliberately lately everyone did not do everything to improve the clergy and to spread the true view of things. And Marie was exhausted in this struggle with the false interpreters and enemies of the oppressed brothers, so close to her heart, finding comfort only in a small circle of people.
In some ways, she also resembles the daughter of Anna Andreevna Shcherbatova and the chairman of the State Council under Alexander II, D.N.Bludov, Antonina Dmitrievna (1812-1891), a religious lady who was involved in charity work. Her sister's name was Lydia.
A noteworthy fact: the novel casually mentions a certain Sir John, a missionary from India who was related to Countess Lydia Ivanovna.
In Yasnaya Polyana, the Tolstoy estate, a missionary from India, Mr. Long, boring and uninteresting, who constantly asked in bad French: "Avez-vous été à Paris?"
Steve Oblonsky
Stepan Arkadievich Oblonsky, brother of Anna Karenina
Image and prototypes
Character
Hello, Stepan Arkadyevich, - said Betsy, meeting the incoming radiant complexion, sideburns and whiteness of a vest and shirt, a dashing Oblonsky<…> Stepan Arkadievich, smiling good-naturedly answered questions from ladies and men ... He willingly described his adventures, told jokes and a lot of news ... Steve was always en bonne humeur (in the mood)
Dolly Oblonskaya
Wife of Steva Oblonsky, mother of six children. She reminds her of her immersion in domestic family affairs and caring for numerous children, Sofya Andreevna Tolstaya. "Name, not character" coincides with Daria Trubetskoy, the wife of DA Obolensky.
Prince Shtcherbatsky
The prototype is Sergei Aleksandrovich Shcherbatov, director of the Moscow moose factory, adjutant of General IF Paskevich-Erivansky, friend of AS Pushkin. His wife was the maid of honor of the Empress Alexandra Feodorovna.
Kitty
Ekaterina Aleksandrovna Shtcherbatskaya, later Lyovin's wifePrincess Soft
The prototype of Princess Myagkaya was described in the chapter "Well done baba", she also owned the words about Karenina: "She will end badly, and I just feel sorry for her." But as the book was written, the images changed, including Princess Myagkaya, she did not envy Anna at all, on the contrary, she stood up for her protection. The phrase "but women with a shadow end badly" Tolstoy put into the mouth of one nameless guest of the salon, and Princess Myagkaya retorts: "Pip your tongue ... and what should she do if people follow her like a shadow?" If no one follows us like a shadow, then this does not give us the right to condemn. " The character of Princess Myakaya is characterized by simplicity and roughness of treatment, for which in the world she received the nickname enfant terrible... She spoke simple, meaningful things; the effect of loudly spoken phrases has always been the same. The soft first said about Karenin "he is stupid."
Character similar to D.A.Obolenskaya (1903-1982), wife of D.A.Obolensky, who was part of the circle of Grand Duchess Elena Pavlovna
Betsy Tverskaya
Princess Elizaveta Fedorovna Tverskaya, Vronskaya, cousin of Alexei Kirillovich, wife of cousin Anna Oblonskaya (Karenina).In the original version - Mika Vrasskaya.
For Anna Karenina, Betsy's salon demanded expenses above her funds. But it was there that she met Vronsky.
Betsy took care of Anna and invited her into her circle, laughing at the circle of Countess Lydia Ivanovna: "It's still too early for a pretty young woman in this poorhouse ...".
Betsy had one hundred and twenty thousand income, her salon was a light of balls, dinners, shiny toilets, a light that held one hand to the courtyard so as not to go down to the half-light, which the members of this club despised, but with which tastes were not only similar, but same…
Betsy's husband is a good-natured fat man, a passionate collector of prints.<…> Inaudibly, over the soft carpet, he walked up to Princess Myagkaya ...
In early sketches, Tolstoy describes the appearance of Princess Vrasskaya (Tverskaya), nicknamed "Princess Nana" in the light: "A thin long face, liveliness in movements, a spectacular toilet ... A straight lady with a Roman profile," who says about Anna: "She is so glorious sweet ... And what should she do if Alexei Vronsky is in love and follows her like a shadow.
The beginning of the story
Lev Nikolayevich read Pushkin's excerpt "" and began to write a novel with the words: "After the opera, the guests gathered at the young Princess Vrasskaya."
It was the scene (of Mika Vrasskaya) after an opera performance in a French theater.
At Pushkin they discuss Volskaya: “... But her passions will destroy her<…> Passion! What a big word! What are passions!<…> Volskaya was alone with Minsky for about three hours in a row ... The hostess said goodbye to her coldly ... "
First, the Karenins (Stavrovichi), then the Vronsky (Balashev) appear in Tolstoy's drawing room. Anna Arkadyevna (Tatyana Sergeevna) retires with Vronsky (Balashev) at a round table and does not part with him until the guests leave. Since then, she has not received a single invitation to balls and evenings of the big world. The husband, who had left before his wife, already knew: “the essence of the misfortune has already happened ... In her soul there is a devilish brilliance and determination<…> she is full of thoughts of an imminent date with her lover. "
And Tolstoy began with the words:
« Everything was confused in the Oblonskys' house "and then added above the line" All happy families are alike, every unhappy family is unhappy in its own way».
Plot
Anna Karenina in the painting by G. Manizer
The novel begins with two phrases that have long become textbooks: “All happy families are alike, each unhappy family is unhappy in its own way. Everything was confused in the Oblonskys' house.
The sister of Stiva Oblonsky, the noble Petersburg lady Anna Karenina, comes to Moscow to the Oblonskys. Steve meets Anna at the station, a young officer meets his mother, Countess Vronskaya. Upon entering the carriage, he lets the lady go ahead, and a presentiment makes them look at each other again, their gaze was already shining against their will. It seemed that they had known each other before ... At that moment, a misfortune happened: the car went back and crushed the watchman to death. Anna took this tragic incident as a bad omen. Anna goes to Steve's house and fulfills her mission for which she came - reconciling him with his wife Dolly.
The lovely Kitty Shtcherbatskaya is full of happiness, expecting to meet Vronsky at the ball. Anna, contrary to her expectations, was in black, not purple dress. Kitty notices a shimmering gleam in the eyes of Anna and Vronsky and realizes that the world has ceased to exist for them. Having refused Levin on the eve of the upcoming ball, Kitty was depressed and soon fell ill.
Anna leaves for Petersburg, Vronsky rushes after. In Petersburg he follows her like a shadow, looking for a meeting, he is not at all embarrassed by her marriage and her eight-year-old son; because in the eyes of secular people, the role of an unhappy lover is ridiculous, but the connection with a respectable woman, whose husband occupies such a respectable position, seemed majestic and victorious. Their love could not be hidden, but they were not lovers, but the light was already discussing with might and main lady with shadowlooking forward to the continuation of the novel. An anxious feeling prevented Karenin from concentrating on an important state project, and he was offended by the impression so important for the significance of public opinion. Anna, however, continued to travel to the world and for almost a year met Vronsky at the Princess Tverskaya. Vronsky's only desire and Anna's enchanting dream of happiness merged in the feeling that a new life had begun for them, they had become lovers, and nothing would be the same as before. Very soon everyone in St. Petersburg became aware of this, including Anna's husband. The current situation was excruciatingly difficult for all three, but none of them could find a way out of it. Anna informs Vronsky that she is pregnant. Vronsky asks her to leave her husband and is ready to sacrifice his military career. But his mother, who at first was very sympathetic to Anna, does not like this state of affairs at all. Anna falls into despair, childbirth is difficult and Anna almost dies. Her legitimate husband, Alexei Karenin, who was firmly going to divorce her before Anna's illness, seeing her suffering during childbirth, unexpectedly forgives both Anna and Vronsky. Karenin allows her to continue to live in his house, under the protection of his good name, so long as not to ruin the family and not to shame the children. The forgiveness scene is one of the most important in the novel. But Anna does not withstand the oppression of generosity shown by Karenin, and taking her newborn daughter with her, leaves with Vronsky to Europe, leaving her beloved son in the care of her husband.
For some time Anna and Vronsky travel around Europe, but soon they realize that they have nothing to do. Out of boredom, Vronsky even begins to indulge in painting, but soon gives up this empty occupation, and he and Anna decide to return to Petersburg. In St. Petersburg, Anna understands that she is now an outcast for the high society, she is not invited to any of the decent houses, and no one, except for two closest friends, visits her. Meanwhile, Vronsky is accepted everywhere and always welcome. This situation is increasingly unscrewing the unstable nervous system Anna, who does not see her son. On Seryozha's birthday, secretly, early in the morning, Anna sneaks into her old house, goes into the boy's bedroom and wakes him up. The boy is happy to tears, Anna is also crying with joy, the child hastily tries to tell the mother something and ask her about something, but then the servant comes running and frightenedly informs that Karenin will now enter his son's room. The boy himself understands that mother and father cannot meet and mother will now leave him forever, with a cry he rushes to Anna and begs her not to leave. Karenin enters the door, and Anna, in tears, overwhelmed with envy of her husband, runs out of the house. Her son never saw her again.
A crack opens in Anna's relationship with Vronsky, driving them further and further. Anna insists on visiting the Italian opera, where the whole big world of St. Petersburg gathers that evening. The entire audience in the theater literally pokes their fingers at Anna, and a woman from the next box throws insults at Anna's face. Anna is hysterical and leaves the theater. Realizing that they have nothing to do in St. Petersburg, they move away from the vulgar world to the estate, which Vronsky turned into a secluded paradise for both of them and Anya's daughter. Vronsky is trying to make the estate profitable, introducing various new management techniques agriculture and is engaged in charity work - he is building a new hospital on the estate. Anna tries to help him in everything.
In parallel with the story of Anna, the story of Konstantin Levin unfolds, Tolstoy endows him with the best human qualities and doubts, entrusts him with his innermost thoughts. Levin is a fairly wealthy man, he also has a vast estate, all the affairs in which he runs himself. What is fun for Vronsky and a way to kill time, for Levin is the meaning of existence for himself and all his ancestors. Levin at the beginning of the novel woo Kitty Shtcherbatskaya. At that moment Vronsky was courting Kitty for fun. Kitty, however, was seriously carried away by Vronsky and refused Lyovin. After Vronsky rushed off to Petersburg after Anna, Kitty even fell ill from grief and humiliation, but after a trip abroad she recovered and agreed to marry Lyovin. Matchmaking scenes, weddings, family life Levins, imbued with a light feeling, the author makes it clear that this is how family life should be built.
Meanwhile, the situation on the estate is heating up. Vronsky goes to business meetings and social events, at which Anna cannot accompany him, but he is attracted to his former, free life. Anna senses this, but mistakenly assumes that Vronsky is drawn to other women. She constantly arranges scenes of jealousy for Vronsky, which more and more test his patience. To resolve the situation with the divorce proceedings, they move to Moscow. But, despite the persuasion of Sveta Oblonsky, Karenin reverses his decision, and he leaves for himself a son, whom he no longer loves, because his disgust for Anna, as a "contemptible stumbled wife" is connected with him. The six-month wait for this decision in Moscow turned Anna's nerves into taut strings. She constantly broke down and quarreled with Vronsky, who spent more and more time outside the house. In Moscow, Anna meets with Levin, who realizes that this woman can no longer be called anything other than lost.
In the month of May, Anna insists on leaving for the village soon, but Vronsky says that he has been invited to his mother for important business issues. It occurs to Anna that the thought that Vronsky's mother had decided to marry Vronsky to Princess Sorokina. Vronsky fails to prove to Anna the absurdity of this idea and, unable to constantly quarrel with Anna, goes to his mother's estate. Anna, in an instant realizing how difficult, hopeless and meaningless her life is, desiring reconciliation, rushes after Vronsky to the station. The platform, smoke, beeps, knocking and people, all merged in a terrible nightmare of confusion of associations: Anna recalls her first meeting with Vronsky, and how on that distant day some lineman was hit by a train and was crushed to death. An idea comes to Anna's mind that there is a very simple way out of her situation, which will help her wash away the shame from herself and untie everyone's hands. And at the same time it will be a great way to take revenge on Vronsky. Anna throws herself under the train. Anna chose death as deliverance, it was the only way out that she, exhausted by herself and tormenting everyone, found.
Two months have passed. Life is not what it used to be, but it goes on. Again the station. Steve meets the doomed Vronsky on the platform, and the train leaves for the front. Heartbroken, Vronsky volunteered for the war to lay down his head there. Karenin took Anna's daughter to him and raised her as his own, along with his son. Lyovin and Kitty had their first child. Levin finds peace and the meaning of life in kindness and purity of thoughts. This is where the novel ends.
Literary criticism
“The giant and the pygmies. Leo Tolstoy and contemporary writers ”. Caricature // Gr. Leo Tolstoy, the great writer of the Russian land, in portraits, engravings, painting, sculpture, cartoons / Comp. Pl. N. Krasnov and L. M. Wolf. - SPb .: T-in M.O. Wolf, 1903
Theatrical performances
Adaptation of the novel
There are about 30 film adaptations of Anna Karenina in the world.
Silent movie
- 1910 - German empire
- 1911 - Russia... Anna Karenina (director and screenwriter Maurice Meter, Moscow). Anna Karenina - M. Sorotchina
- 1912 - France... Anna Karenina. Director - Albert Capellani. Anna Karenina - Jeanne Delve
- 1914 - Russia... Anna Karenina (director and screenwriter Vladimir Gardin). Anna Karenina - Maria Germanova
- 1915 - USA... Anna Karenina. Directed by J. Gordon Edwards. Anna Karenina - Betty Nansen
- 1917 - Italy... Anna Karenina. Directed by Hugo Falena
- 1918 - Hungary... Anna Karenina. Director - Marton Garas. Anna Karenina - Irene Varsagni
- 1919 - Germany... Anna Karenina. Directed by Frederic Zelnik. Anna Karenina - Lia Mara
- 1927 - USA... Love (directed by Edmund Goulding). Anna Karenina - Greta Garbo
- 1935 - USA... Anna Karenina (directed by Clarence Brown). Anna Karenina - Greta Garbo, film consultant Count Andrey Tolstoy
- 1937 - the USSR... Film performance (directors Tatiana Lukashevich, Vladimir Nemirovich-Danchenko, Vasily Sakhnovsky)
- 1948 - Great Britain... Anna Karenina (directed by Julien Duvivier). Anna Karenina - Vivien Leigh
- 1953 - the USSR... Anna Karenina (director Tatiana Lukashevich, film adaptation of the Moscow Art Theater play). Anna Karenina - Alla Tarasova
- 1961 - Great Britain... Anna Karenina (TV). Director - Rudolph Cartier. Anna Karenina - Claire Bloom
- 1967 -
WATCH MY VIDEO "ANNA KARENINA FROM THE PREMIERE"
Yesterday I attended the premiere of the film "Anna Karenina" directed by Sergei Solovyov. This tape is part of the "2-Assa-2" dilogy. It took Sergei Solovyov 10 years of preparation to start shooting the film. The film itself was shot in a year and a half. In total, 15 years passed from the idea of \u200b\u200bthe film to its premiere.
I liked the film. Real Russian cinema, with outstanding Russian actors, was shot beautifully in Russian. Excellent work of the operator Yuri Klimenko. I enjoyed watching it. Although it feels like the film was filmed like a TV series.
This is a completely adequate screen version of the novel by Lev Nikolaevich Tolstoy. Although the director, in his own words, did not seek to unravel the idea of \u200b\u200bthe classic of Russian literature. Meanwhile, the words from the Bible "Vengeance is mine, and I will repay" Tolstoy chose as an epigraph for a reason.
When Lev Nikolaevich was asked what his novel "Anna Karenina" was about, he said: in order to answer, he needs to write the novel anew.
Why did Anna Karenina die?
This is a film about forgiveness and love for your enemies!
There are almost 30 adaptations of the famous novel. Most famous with Greta Garbo (1935) and Vivien Leigh (1948).
The film by Sergei Solovyov is more psychological than the 1967 adaptation of Alexander Zarkha. Then Tatyana Samoilova starred in the role of Anna, Nikolai Gritsenko in the role of Karenin, Vasily Lanovoy in the role of Vronsky.
The intrigue of Sergei Solovyov's film is that Karenin (Oleg Yankovsky) is handsome and not too old, and, it seems, sincerely loves his wife Anna (Tatyana Drubich).
I liked how director Sergei Solovyov filmed the journey of lovers in Italy. I remembered how I rode on a gondola in the same way along the canals of Venice last year.
In 1996 I was lucky enough to star in the Hollywood film Anna Karenina (directed by Bernard Rose). The role of Anna was played by Sophie Marceau, Vronsky was played by Sean Bean. I described this in my novel-reality "Wanderer" (mystery). In the process of filming, I observed all the misunderstanding by the Americans of the driving forces of Leo Tolstoy's novel.
On the set of the film "Anna Karenina" - Vitebsk railway station of St. Petersburg
The tragedy of Anna Karenina is primarily the tragedy of Leo Tolstoy himself. Both the novel "Anna Karenina" and the story "Family happiness" Lev Nikolaevich wrote on the basis of the experience of his family life. In the story "The Kreutzer Sonata" Tolstoy told the story of the love of his wife Sofya Andreevna with composer Alexander Sergeevich Taneyev, a friend of their home.
Leo Tolstoy was an amorous man. Even before marriage, he had numerous prodigal relationships. He made friends with the female servant in the house, and with the peasant women from the subordinate villages, and with the gypsies. Even his aunt's maid, an innocent peasant girl, Glasha seduced. When the girl became pregnant, the mistress kicked her out, and the relatives did not want to accept. And, probably, Glasha would have died if Tolstoy's sister had not taken her to her. (Perhaps this very incident formed the basis of the novel "Sunday").
After that, Tolstoy made a promise to himself: "In my village I will not have a single woman, except for some cases that I will not look for, but I will not even miss."
But he could not overcome the temptation of the flesh. However, after sexual pleasures, there was always a feeling of guilt and bitterness of remorse.
When a wife could not share a matrimonial bed with her husband, Tolstoy was fond of either another maid or a cook, or sent to the village for a soldier.
Later, justifying himself through the mouth of Sveta in the novel Anna Karenina, Leo Tolstoy confesses: “What can I do, tell me what to do? The wife is getting old, and you are full of life. Before you have time to look back, you already feel that you cannot love your wife with love, no matter how much you respect her. And then suddenly love will turn up, and you are gone, gone! "
If Levina Tolstoy wrote from himself, then the prototype of Karenin was the chief prosecutor of the Synod, Konstantin Petrovich Pobedonostsev, who, according to rumors, had a similar family situation. The performer of the role of Karenin, Oleg Yankovsky, even looks like him, especially when he puts on glasses.
Tolstoy wrote that Karenin was an old man. Although by today's standards he is still young - he is only 44 years old. Anna is about 26-27 years old. She has an 8 year old son. In those days in Russia, she was no longer considered a young woman. Married girls were 16-17 years old, so for the 70s of the 19th century Anna is a mature woman, the mother of a family, and Vronsky was very young.
In the film by Sergei Solovyov, Sergei Bezrukov originally starred in the role of Vronsky. But, apparently, he did not come out in height. Yaroslav Boyko is tall and stately, but absolutely not convincing. There is not a spark of passion in him, not a drop of love. He cannot be compared with Vasily Lanov, who played Vronsky in the film by Alexander Zarkhi.
It is believed that outwardly Anna Karenina was copied from Pushkin's daughter Maria Gartung.
Tolstoy does not have a single mention of Anna's age. Karenin was 44. Steve says it was a mistake that Anna married a man twenty years her senior.
Actress Tatyana Drubich, who plays the role of Anna, believes that “... society ... has changed dramatically. Today no one would have noticed her suicide, or would have been considered stupid ... Most women, I'm sure, still dream of being Kitty. But this ... the way I would like to live, and Anna's fate is, unfortunately, reality. The love triangle is a plot for a melodrama, and Karenina is the heroine of a tragedy. "
Anna Karenina performed by Tatyana Drubich clearly falls short of the tragedy played by Tatyana Samoilova in the film by Alexander Zarkhi.
Tatiana Samoilova and Tatiana Drubich
Tatyana Drubich is the ex-wife of Sergei Solovyov. They got married after the director filmed Tatiana in several of his films. The age difference was about the same as that of Anna and Karenin. But despite the fact that Drubich divorced Solovyov, the director continues to consider her his muse and films.
Why did Anna Karenina die?
Anna was tired of a quiet life, she wanted adventure. And she found them. Just like her brother Steve seeks and finds love adventures.
Why are women so fond of playing with fire and having secret affairs? What do they lack in marriage?
Here is how women themselves formulate the reasons for female infidelity:
1 \\ In life, every woman gets a good chance to make such a small, imperceptible change. So I want novelty and flight! How can you resist ?!
2 \\ Almost a third of married women find lovers at work. Common cause, common interests, common ... bed. And often also a raise in salary, career growth ...
3 \\ Cheating as a means of improving tone, self-esteem, gaining self-confidence ...
4 \\ Revenge for treason. To give a horn to a spouse - and immediately feel better. Only not in the open, of course, but no matter how something happens, no matter how it gets worse ...
5 \\ I have the right, since my husband is such a fool and a loser ...
If the husband married for love, and the wife married for convenience, without love, then it is likely that she will not miss her chance at least for a while to feel happy in love.
If a woman does not want to be cheated on, then she herself will not do it. After all, Anton Pavlovich Chekhov said: "A cheating wife is a big cold cutlet that I don't want to touch, because someone else was already holding it in her hands." Well, "if your wife cheated on you, be glad that she cheated on you and not on your Fatherland."
A woman can hardly resist the temptation of a beautiful lover, who is also younger than her.
But the development of the collision in the novel "Anna Karenina" is determined not by the age of the characters, but by the social situation of the crisis of marriage, consecrated by the church. It was almost impossible for those married in the church to divorce in those days.
Committing adultery, Anna gradually transforms from a charming woman into a sex and drug addict. She rejects all the laws of society and morality, almost goes crazy. “I'm not that one,” Anna says about herself, and is actually trying to kill the evil monster she has turned into.
The love of a woman defies understanding, let alone a man's.
Internally, Anna was determined to die. During childbirth, she constantly says that she will die.
Anna is a type of female victim. Love in general is itself a victim.
How should a husband react when he finds out that his wife has fallen in love?
"All happy families are alike, each unhappy family is unhappy in its own way."
I know of cases when a wife brought her lover to the house, with whom she slept on the matrimonial sofa, while the former husband slept next to her on the floor.
I have read Anna Karenina twice.
Have you ever wondered why Anna Karenina cheated on her husband with Vronsky?
Public morality shyly keeps silent about the main thing, as if afraid to pull out the last brick from under the shaky sacred myth of marriage.
No, not at all because of her husband's annoying habit of crunching his knuckles. Karenin simply could not satisfy his young wife, and then he was replaced by the energetic Vronsky.
In the famous book by David Herberg Lawrence "Lady Chatterley's Lover" it is well shown that a woman ultimately leaves a wealthy but "sexually weak" husband for a sexually active, albeit a forester.
A woman begins to grow wiser, enter color and begin to understand at least something in sex after 23. In reality, the "female age" is 5-7 years. Women need to have time to decide their entire female destiny in a few years: find a husband, quickly build a nest, give birth to a baby, establish relationships with all relatives from all sides, etc.
Men only think that they choose women. In fact, it is women who choose men.
What is the tragedy of Anna Karenina?
The age-old question: why get married and live with an unloved person ?!
There have already been many performances of the famous drama. Nevertheless, for some reason people do not learn from other people's mistakes. Perhaps because everyone must fulfill their own life, and not observe the lives of others. It is impossible not to make mistakes. For there are no mistakes, but there is fate!
The biggest secret is that a woman needs sex no less than a man, only in a different way, differently. It is estimated that a man thinks about sex about 18 times a day, and a woman about 10 times. At the same time, the attitude towards sex differs between men and women. For a woman, sex is not something of value in itself; for her, he is the continuation of love and the possibility of procreation.
American scientists have found that women whose blood contains a large amount of the hormone estradiol are prone to intimate relationships with several partners at the same time. Thus, hormones are to blame for female polygamy, experts say.
Perhaps human sexual nature is polygamous, but how to resolve the issue of preference? What if one wants to leave, thereby depriving the other of the meaning and joy of life?
Of course, the problem of Anna Karenina cannot be reduced only to the problem of sex.
The tragedy is that she could not live in sin, in the duality between love for a son and love for a man.
The Russian philosopher Vladimir Solovyov (who did not marry and lived alone) in his work "The Meaning of Love" said: "Strong individual love is never a service tool of generic goals that are achieved apart from it ... To see the meaning of sexual love in expedient procreation means to recognize this meaning where there is no love at all, and where it is, take away from it any meaning and any justification. "
Scientists have found that for most people, the feeling of love lasts no more than thirty months. Spiritually and physically, a man and a woman are capable of a "high feeling" for only one and a half to two years, which is quite enough for acquaintance, strengthening feelings and giving birth to a child.
The aspiring Sigmund Freud was surprised to discover that it is sexual dissatisfaction that lies at the heart of hysteria and mental disorders. Psychoanalysis had as its goal to save marriage without sex, to help a person compensate for the lack of sex life.
Very often people are bound by the bonds of marriage, not love. The war of the sexes usually takes place in marriage, but not outside of it. A typical example is the movie "The War in the Rose Family" starring Katherine Turner and Michael Douglas. They almost killed each other, not wanting to give up the property acquired together in a divorce!
76-year-old Mikhail Kozakov was convinced: “Well, a girl who is fifty years younger than you cannot love you as young! Most likely, she needs an inheritance, and it is in her best interest for you to play in the box faster. "
Wealthy older men can afford to marry young men. But for some reason it often ends with the imminent death of the "newlywed". Alexander Abdulov (who played Steve in the film "Anna Karenina") at the age of fifty, after two unsuccessful marriages, married a young woman. The happy actor had a daughter, Zhenya. But suddenly the actor began to fade from a terrible disease - lung cancer and soon died. And the young widow immediately wanted to sell his house, and at the commemoration she appeared in a flirty polka-dot outfit and with a smile on her face.
If a woman appears many years younger in a person's life, regular intimate relationships begin. They can affect the aging body in two ways. If there are problems with the heart, blood pressure, then they can worsen. And it happens the other way around - a relationship with a young man seems to awaken a man to life. No one can predict which option is in store, this is a kind of lottery.
Edward Radzinsky put it this way: “Marriage is not an obligation. This is nonsense. This is the life of two people. And everyone has the right to live as he wants ... The person next to you, he must be busy with something of his own, very important. "
Or maybe it's all about the falsity of the marriage, its artificiality? And what is marriage: something far-fetched or absolutely necessary? symbiosis or unnatural convention?
No, marriage is not an empty formality. First of all, this is the need for trust, for a feeling of reliability and security. If, of course, marriage is sanctified by love.
You say love obeys reason. And yes, and not always. In some cases, love for some reason turns out to be higher than rational appeals.
In the movie "Last Night in New York" the main character on a business trip cheats on his wife with a "workmate". The wife (Keira Knightley) also cheats on her husband, although she does not enter into an intimate relationship.
You can live together out of necessity, but still not know love; you can even have children, but love ... love! .. only crazy people are capable of this, because love is insanity! it is more than passion, because it is insatiable!
Love is compared to madness, since any arguments of reason break in waves of feeling!
No, logical conclusions do not fit into the secret of love, they do not give an answer. This is outside of logic, outside of biochemistry. This is a transcendental mystery! How, why do people fall in love and then kill each other? - incomprehensible!
The relationship between a man and a woman is not a sexual problem, and not even a moral problem, it is a cosmic problem - the combination of spirit with matter; this is the secret of the universe! Sex is not an empty quail, it is a cosmogonic act!
Today, the relationship between the sexes has been simplified to the point of impossibility. But this is a Mystery! A mystery still unsolved.
Having revealed the riddle of sexual attraction and conception, people thought that there were no more secrets in the relationship between a man and a woman, while the true secret is in preference, in fidelity, in uniqueness - this is the secret of love, and not at all in sex.
The institution of marriage, in its current capacity, apparently cannot be preserved. But it will be possible to preserve love, to cleanse love from self-interest.
Leo Tolstoy was one of the first to diagnose the end of the traditional form of marriage.
Anna challenged society, and society rejected her, because she could not accept such a style of behavior leading to the collapse of the family.
If subjectively Anna's act can be explained by falling in love, then objectively by her actions she undermined the institution of the family. And the institution of the family was created primarily to protect the rights of children (legally born). History knows a lot of examples of wars started between legitimate and illegitimate, and even adopted children. The most famous case is the legendary Moses. You can also remember the child of Cleopatra from Caesar. Perhaps it was he who became one of the reasons for the murder of Julius Caesar in the Senate.
Marriage has never protected against love affairs and illegitimate children, but marriage solved and solves the deeper problems of heritage and the meaning of life. However, what if one suddenly fell out of love, and the other continues to love? It is possible to resolve free sexual relations, organize the upbringing of children, but it is impossible to solve the problem of reciprocity: when one loves, and the other does not.
Everything, everything because of love, everything for the sake of love, including the so-called evil!
Choosing love, Anna chose her destiny. And she died. Why? Because these are the laws of love? or could she not live with the feeling of sin? Who is she: a slave of love or an adulteress? Should she be justified for love or condemned for adultery?
Why did Anna decide to commit suicide after all?
Maybe the morphine, which Anna abused, is to blame for everything?
"I want love, but there is no love. So it's over. And we have to."
In my opinion, Anna was killed by guilt!
She committed a crime - entered into a forbidden relationship, violated the commandment "do not commit adultery."
The commandments are not a simple establishment, but a thousand-year experience of human relationships, these are the laws of life, violation of which inevitably leads to death (spiritual or physical). But people do not believe in the commandments, they break them again and again, wondering at the tragic consequences. "What goes around comes around"!
Maybe you are right. But the commandments are impracticable. Any law is violated. Nature is stronger than culture.
Or maybe there is a deeper pattern hidden in the commandment “do not commit adultery”? Perhaps this is a kind of protection from the destructive action of promiscuous sexual intercourse, self-preservation of both oneself and children, where jealousy is a natural reaction to the preservation of mental completeness and purity, a kind of self-defense, including from venereal disease?
Patriarch Kirill said:
“Fornication, which is called carnal sin, carnal impurity, sin that destroys a person's chastity, in the Slavic language means delusion. Hence we say: to fornicate, to wander, to be delusional. These are words from the same root. Fornication and delusion are words of the same root. As a result of delusion, loss of life guidelines, destruction of the system of moral values, a person begins to disdain his body. And entering into unclean relationships with others, he causes mystical harm to this body ... Not only physical illness brings harm to the human body ... A person injures himself with prodigal passion, and makes him unable to enter the Kingdom of God in the end. This is why the Apostle says: "Fornicators will not inherit the Kingdom of God."
Perhaps, the commandment "do not commit adultery" contains a law hidden from us: by committing a sin, a person destroys himself, because he refuses to believe? Is adultery a betrayal? and whoever betrayed the faith loses love too? and from that the need for self-destruction? Love can't stand the sin it has done?
Personally, I believe that the tragedy of Anna Karenina is in her fall. She abandoned her husband, her son, and ultimately could not stand the duality: she was torn by love between love for her son and love for Vronsky. What woman is capable of such a thing ?!
Anna got entangled in sin. She says about her husband: "I hate him for his virtue."
In Anna's situation there is no way out, the intolerance of sin is oppressive, and there is no escape from self-condemnation. Can a woman choose between a lover and a child, between sin and conscience, love and betrayal? Sin is unbearable and relentlessly pushes you to death. In essence, the fall is suicide!
Can Anna escape her fate? She simply could not do otherwise! Yes, fate is when it is impossible otherwise! Anna understood, she was warned, but she could not help herself. This is stronger than her! And so with everyone! We know, we understand, but we cannot change anything. That is why we obey, sometimes we even consciously make a "mistake", because this is not a mistake, but inevitability!
Could Anna have missed Vronsky? After all, if not for this "accidental" meeting at the station, nothing would have happened?
All the case, His Majesty the case! Or is it fate? Or maybe just an invention of Tolstoy?
What is destiny? This meeting and this look? look of fate! Was everything a foregone conclusion? But after all, she felt, and even by the sign she realized that this meeting was not good. Could she have escaped her fate? Could you not throw yourself under the train? It is easy to say, she could, but in fact she was not able to. This is stronger than her! Is fate stronger than man? Choosing love, she chose her destiny.
Through love, our destiny is manifested and realized. Love rules us, creating our destiny! For love is God!
LOVE TO CREATE A NECESSITY! "
(from my novel-true story "Wanderer" (mystery) on the site New Russian Literature
WATCH MY VIDEO "WANDERER AT TOLSTOY"
P.S. Read my other articles on this issue: "Tolstoy's Last Sunday", "The whole truth about the lies of marriage", "Love is a mystery", "Either polygamy or loneliness."
SO WHY DID ANNA KARENINA DIE?
Nikolay Kofyrin - New Russian Literature -
Anna Karenina "The book is, in fact, about a woman who, in a sense, behaves meanly and vile, and playing her role without trying to embellish or simplify anything is not an easy task." Keira Knightley, actress
“Anna Karenina is an inexhaustible role. This is a total woman and there is enough work for all actresses. Tolstoy's Karenina is close to me, and the rest is just variations on a theme. " Tatiana Drubich, actress
“Didn't you notice that the main idea this great
the work is as follows: if a woman divorced her legal husband and got along with another man, she inevitably becomes a prostitute. Don't argue! Exactly!". Anna Akhmatova, poet, writer, literary critic
“Now, when they say 'Russian style', there are only two associations. The first is Anna Karenina, when a sable, muff, fitted fur coat, high hat, astrakhan fur. The second is connected with Pasternak's "Doctor Zhivago", when revolutionary everyday life, the greatcoat, on the one hand, are red, on the other - white ... ". Alexander Vasiliev, fashion historian
“I really want to play Anna Karenina. I also really like War and Peace - I would like to play Natasha Rostova, but I have already missed this chance. " Nicole Kidman, actress
"The greatest misfortune of my life is the death of Anna Karenina." Sergey Dovlatov, writer
“Anna Karenina takes a look at human guilt and criminality ... It is clear and understandable to the point that evil lurks in humanity deeper than the socialist physician supposes, that in no society you will avoid evil, that the human soul will remain the same, that abnormality and sin come from itself ... ”. Fyodor Mikhailovich Dostoevsky, writer
"Anna Karenina is a heavy drug addict!" Katya Metelitsa, writer
“For me, she personifies the secret of femininity, the opportunity that I felt inside myself. I felt that women can do absolutely everything for love. And Anna is the supreme personification of this. " Sophie Marceau, actress
"All robots that work are alike; each defective robot does not function differently." Quote from the novel "Android Karenin" by Ben H. Winters
“The husband is an exemplary family man, a child to the delight of mother, full, shod, everything is with her, what more could you want? And not heard by anyone in her heartfelt drama, Anya decided to end her life forever. " Sergey Trofimov (Trofim), singer
“It seems to me that Karenin was ready for his heart to be broken. I have a feeling that the more Karenin learns, the more he does in order to save the marriage. He is not obliged to give passion and romance, this may not be in him, but he was brought up that way, he observed this in the behavior of his parents. He lets his heart rule him as much as possible. " Jude Law, actor
Tolstoy in Anna Karenina is a completely new, unusual writer. Not even a psychologist, but a profound psychoanalyst who has made the most subtle immersion in the human subconscious. He discovered what later became known as Freudianism. " Boris Eifman, choreographer, ballet master
"Anna is a liberated woman protesting against prim bigotry and free in the manifestations of her honest, righteous feelings." Tatiana Samoilova, actress
"I wrote everything in Anna Karenina - nothing is left." Lev Nikolaevich Tolstoy, writer, author of the novel "Anna Karenina"
) and recalls that thirty years earlier the officer was his mother's lover. Sergei hardly remembers Anna, and he knows about her only from the words of those relatives who despised her for treason. Therefore, he asks Vronsky to tell what happened between him and Anna, and the colonel begins to remember how their relationship developed.
As often happens now, Karen Shakhnazarov filmed his "Anna Karenina" by order of the TV channel "Russia-1". Therefore, the new film adaptation of Tolstoy's novel was created in two versions - an eight-episode TV version and a two-hour movie. Usually the film version comes out before the TV version, but in this case the opposite is true. The TV version premiered in April, but the film version is only coming out now and has no extra scenes. In other words, in the movies you will see an abbreviated version of what you could already see (and which will be shown more than once) for free. Unless, of course, you are watching TV and watching loud premieres.
A reasonable question immediately arises: why spend money on a ticket and go to the cinema, if the new "Karenina" has already come to your home? To be honest, it doesn't make much sense. Shakhnazarov shot and edited the picture in such a way that only the final battle scene wins from the movie screen and the sound of the movie - just a few minutes of the whole picture, and this is by no means "War and Peace" or "Waterloo". So go to the cinema for new impressions is only worth it for film-purists and those who do not have a high-quality reception of "Russia-1" with the opportunity to watch the broadcast on a decent TV.
It would seem that this review could be completed. What's the point in watching a two-hour film adaptation of an 800-page novel if there is a six-hour film adaptation that covers three times as many events and includes key characters in the book that are not at all in the cinnabar version? Lev Tolstoy said that he could not throw out a single word from Anna Karenina, and in theory this means that a more detailed film adaptation of such a book is always better than a brief summary.
But it's not that simple. "Anna Karenina" by Shakhnazarov is not an "academic" film adaptation, but a rethinking of the book, which tells not Anna's truth, but Vronsky's. At the very beginning of the project, the hero warns that he is not objective and that his memories are presented from his point of view. Therefore, although the events in the new Anna Karenina are about the same as in the book, the feeling is different. And the film, thanks to its conciseness and concentration, better than the series conveys the key ideas of the production. It's easy to lose them on TV amid the abundance of scenes and characters. While the television “Anna Karenina” can be mistaken for an ordinary film adaptation and rightly criticized for all sorts of oddities and inappropriateness, the film version emphasizes the non-standard approach of Shakhnazarov and appears as a more coherent and intelligible work, where each “failure” is internally justified.
Take, for example, Vitaly Kishchenko's invitation to the role of Alexei Karenin. The actor looks and plays so ominously and demonically that this is clearly inappropriate in a serious film adaptation of Anna Karenina, where Alexei must appear as a complex, ambiguous character. However, in Vronsky's eyes, Karenin is a rival and a villain, and that is exactly what he is in Vronsky's memoirs. While Vronsky himself is shown almost as a knight without fear and reproach. Yes, he is courting a married woman, but he has no other complaints.
In turn, Anna, performed by Elizaveta Boyarskaya, is a much more decisive and modern woman than she is usually shown. Which again emphasizes that on the screen the point of view of Vronsky, who insists that he only offered Anna a reprehensible relationship - the decision was hers, and she also made further decisions. This does not go well with the masculinity that Maxim Matveev exudes, but that is why the deceitfulness of memories. It is quite possible that everything was not so or not quite as Vronsky says. But who can be a good witness to the events that happened 30 years ago? We all remember not what happened, but what we chose to remember. And the new "Anna Karenina" first of all makes one think about the nature of memories, and not about the "great story of great love", which is traditionally promised by advertising for Tolstoy's adaptations.
Another thing is that Vronsky in the center of the narrative is not nearly as interesting as Anna. Tolstoy's novel has many merits, and one of them is the depth and meticulousness with which the writer analyzes the mind of a restless woman. "Anna Karenina" has become one of the highest achievements of the psychological novel, because it tells about the most complex character. Vronsky, in the film version of Shakhnazarov, is as simple as a boot. This is a sincerely and forever a man in love who is full of frustration due to the fact that he has become attached to a woman whose status is "Everything is difficult": husband, child, daughter from her lover, cockroaches in her head the size of a cat ...
The filming involved 150 horses and 20 historical vehicles, from a cart to a carriage.
Thirty years later Vronsky is exactly the same, only sorrow and regret are mingled with his feelings. It is not surprising that even in the film version, Shakhnazarov more than once gets lost in the analysis of Anna and shows scenes that Vronsky could not see and which he was hardly told about. Analyzing Vronsky is as fun as splashing around in a puddle if you can swim in the sea. Maybe you should have removed Anna Karenina from Karenin's point of view?
The scenery of the Manchu village was built in the open air in the vicinity of Feodosia
We also have to admit that the Manchu scenes framing the main narrative seem superfluous, needed only to introduce the theme of memories into the script. In theory, they symbolize the collapse of the Russian Empire. But for this they had to show the Russian Empire, and not a hospital in the distant lands, which the country had just joined and which were never “hers” for her. You never know what's going on there! What does this have to do with Russia? The drama in the relationship between Alexei and adult Sergei is barely outlined and quickly disappears. Although the heroes have something to discuss in high tones.
In general, if you missed Anna Karenina on TV and you are not going to spend six hours on it, but want to know what the essence of the production is, then the film version will help you. It's better to watch it than to look for the essence in watching the TV version on fast forward. If you have already watched the TV version and made an impression about it, then the cinnabar version will not add anything to this, but, perhaps, it will clarify something. In any case, one must remember that this is not a film adaptation of Anna Karenina, but a reinterpretation, and it is best to watch it, comparing it with traditional film adaptations, in order to catch all the similarities and differences of Shakhnazarov's vision with the usual look at the book.
As part of the New British Film Festival, I attended the premiere of director Joe Wright's Anna Karenina, starring Keira Knightley.
It was curious to see Russian classics in English staged in English.
“This is a story about a person who has fallen off the chain,” - this is how Joe Wright described his new film, calling it a creative experiment.
The script for the film was written by the famous playwright Tom Stoppard, who considers love a form of madness. Joe Wright agrees with him.
Some believe that Anna was ruined by the opium to which she was addicted.
Someone believes that Vronsky, who had already cooled down with passion, pushed her to death.
Still others are convinced that Anna was actually killed by her husband Karenin, who stubbornly refuses to divorce.
Or maybe Anna was killed by the society that rejected her?
So who killed Anna Karenina?
The novel "Anna Karenina" was filmed about 30 times.
In 1914, in the silent film by Vladimir Gardin, the role of Anna was played by the Moscow Art Theater actress Maria Germanova.
Swedish actress Greta Garbo in 1927 played Anna in Edmund Goulding's silent film Love and in 1935 in Clarence Brown's sound film Anna Karenina.
In 1948, Anna Karenina was played by Vivien Leigh. I personally liked this film.
Our Alla Tarasova brilliantly played Anna, first in the performance of the Moscow Art Theater in 1937, and in 1953 in the film adaptation of the novel.
The most famous Anna Karenina in cinema is, of course, Tatiana Samoilova (film by Alexander Zarkhi in 1967).
In 1974 a ballet film was shot with Maya Plisetskaya.
In 1985, Jacqueline Bisset starred in the film Anna Karenina by Simon Langton.
In 1994, Irina Apeksimova played the role of Anna Karenina in the film by Jean-Luc Godard.
In 1996, in St. Petersburg, director Bernard Rose shot the film "Anna Karenina" with Sophie Marceau in the title role. I was fortunate enough to take part in the filming - I described this in the novel-reality "The Wanderer" (mystery). 
Of course, foreign films about Tolstoy are as far from reality as our films about Indians. From the experience of participating in the filming, I can say that neither the British nor the Americans can adequately understand and stage the Russian classics. 
In 2011, I was at the premiere of Sergei Solovyov's film, where the role of Anna was played by Tatyana Drubich. The film seemed to me the most adequate to the original source.
Joe Wright seems to have made his film Anna Karenina especially for Keira Knightley. Actually, in the film only I liked her. Although in the image of Anna, as in all her other roles (“Pride and Prejudice”, “Atonement”, “A Dangerous Method”, etc.) the actress is too emotional, sometimes reaching the point of frenzy. So it would be more correct to call the film "Kira Karenina" or "Anna Knightley".
Most of the film is shot in the theatrical scenery of a shabby building, and looks more like a musical than a drama. I liked only natural scenes of nature, similar to Russian.
Responding to accusations of kitsch, director Joe Wright said:
“Milan Kundera has a very cute definition of kitsch. Kitsch is "mature on the verge of rotten". I liked this idea, because my intentional kitsch, reflecting the beginning of the decay of society, presupposes an impending revolution ... Tolstoy wrote at a time when the approach of revolution was still difficult to predict. But the boiler was already starting to boil. "
“For me, Anna Karenina is a meditation on the theme of love in its various forms,” says Joe Wright. - "Tolstoy tried to understand the essence of man and thought that this essence can be comprehended only with the help of love."
“I think Anna’s story is about an obsession with love, about lust and a personality that has broken loose. Anna makes not entirely healthy choices. I am close to Tolstoy's thought, which he puts into Levin's mouth, that love is given to us so that we choose a person with whom we will fulfill our humane mission. This is true love. I believe that loving someone is an act of spirituality. "
Personally, I have read Anna Karenina twice. Of course, this is not a story about banal adultery or the death of a drug addict. I believe that this is a novel about forgiveness and love for your enemies. It was no accident that Tolstoy chose the words from the Bible as an epigraph: "Vengeance is mine, and I will repay."
The reason for the story of Anna Karenina was a real case of suicide of a woman (not at all killed by poverty, as they say now), who threw herself under a train at the Obiralovka station (now it is Zheleznodorozhny in the Moscow region), which was written about in the newspaper in the section of the criminal chronicle.
Why did Anna Karenina commit suicide?
Actress Tatyana Drubich, who plays the role of Anna, believes that “... society ... has changed dramatically. Today no one would have noticed her suicide or considered it stupid ... Most women, I'm sure, still dream of being Kitty. But this ... the way I would like to live, and Anna's fate is, unfortunately, reality. The love triangle is a plot for a melodrama, and Karenina is the heroine of a tragedy. "
What is the tragedy of Anna Karenina?
Did Anna Karenina love when she got married? - It seems like no. - Why then did you marry him? - It was necessary, so it came out. - Why did you leave without love? - Yes, every second gets married to get a job. - This is how they get married without love, and then they torment themselves, both the spouse and the child. - If you wait all your life for your love, which may not come, so the human race will be interrupted ...
Anna thought about the child and about herself, not about her husband. In reality, the "female age" is 5-10 years. Women need to have time to decide their female destiny in a few years: find a husband, quickly build a nest, give birth to a baby, establish relationships with all relatives from all sides, etc.
Why did Anna Karenina cheat on her husband with Vronsky?
No, not at all because of her husband's annoying habit of crunching his knuckles. Karenin simply could not satisfy his young wife, and then he was replaced by the energetic Vronsky.
Sigmund Freud discovered that sexual dissatisfaction is the basis of hysteria and mental disorders.
The biggest secret is that a woman needs sex no less than a man, only in a different way, differently. A woman begins to grow wiser, enter color and begin to understand at least something in sex after 23 years.
It is estimated that a man thinks about sex about 18 times a day, and a woman about 10 times. At the same time, the attitude towards sex differs between men and women. For a woman, sex is not something of value in itself; for her, he is the embodiment of love and the possibility of procreation.
In the famous book by David Herberg Lawrence "Lady Chatterley's Lover" it is well shown that a woman ultimately leaves a wealthy but "sexually weak" husband for a sexually active, albeit a forester.
American scientists have found that women whose blood contains a large amount of the hormone estradiol are prone to intimate relationships with several partners at the same time. Thus, hormones are to blame for female polygamy, experts say.
Of course, the problem of Anna Karenina cannot be reduced only to the problem of sex.
Perhaps human sexual nature is polygamous, but how to resolve the issue of preference? What if one wants to leave, thereby depriving the other of the meaning of life?
Modern scientists have found that for most people, the feeling of love lasts no more than thirty months. Spiritually and physically, a man and a woman are capable of "high feelings" for only one and a half to two years, which is quite enough for getting to know each other, creating a family and having a child.
Anna was tired of a quiet life, she wanted adventure. And she found them. Just like her brother Steve seeks and finds love adventures.
If a woman married according to calculation, without love, then it is likely that she will not miss her chance to feel at least for a while happy in love.
A woman can hardly resist the temptation of a beautiful lover, who is also younger than her.
But if a woman does not want to be cheated on, then she herself will not do it.
How should a husband react when he finds out that his wife has fallen in love?
Anton Pavlovich Chekhov said: "A cheating wife is a big cold cutlet that I don't want to touch, because someone else was already holding it in her hands." Well, "if your wife cheated on you, be glad that she cheated on you and not on your Fatherland."
The tragedy of Anna Karenina is primarily the tragedy of Leo Tolstoy himself. 
"All happy families are alike, each unhappy family is unhappy in its own way."
Both the novel "Anna Karenina" and the story "Family happiness" Lev Nikolaevich wrote on the basis of the experience of his family life. In the story "The Kreutzer Sonata" Tolstoy told the story of the love of his wife Sofya Andreevna with the composer Sergei Ivanovich Taneyev, a friend of their home.
A reveler in life, Tolstoy was the toughest moralist in his work.
Even before marriage, he had numerous prodigal relationships. He made friends with the female servant in the house, and with the peasant women from the subordinate villages, and with the gypsies. Even his aunt's maid, an innocent peasant girl, Glasha seduced. When the girl became pregnant, the mistress kicked her out, and the relatives did not want to accept. And, probably, Glasha would have died if Tolstoy's sister had not taken her to her. Perhaps it was this case that formed the basis of the novel "Sunday".
After that, Tolstoy made a promise to himself: "In my village I will not have a single woman, except for some cases that I will not look for, but I will not even miss."
However, he could not overcome the temptation of the flesh. Although after sexual pleasures there was always a feeling of guilt and the bitterness of remorse.
Lev Nikolaevich's connection with the peasant woman Aksinya Bazykina was especially long and strong. Their relationship lasted three years, although Aksinya was a married woman. Tolstoy described this in the story The Devil.
When Lev Nikolaevich wooed his future wife Sophia Bers, he still kept in touch with Aksinya, who became pregnant.
When a young wife could not share a matrimonial bed with her husband, Tolstoy was fond of either another maid, or a cook, or sent to the village for a soldier.
Justifying himself through the mouth of Sveta in the novel "Anna Karenina", Leo Tolstoy admits: "What can I do, you tell me what to do? The wife is getting old, and you are full of life. Before you have time to look back, you already feel that you cannot love your wife with love, no matter how much you respect her. And then suddenly love will turn up, and you are gone, gone! " 
Tolstoy said that he himself is Anna Karenina. Although in reality Tolstoy is, of course, Levin.
If Levina Tolstoy wrote from himself, then the prototype of Karenin was the chief prosecutor of the Synod, Konstantin Petrovich Pobedonostsev, who, according to rumors, had a similar family situation.
When I was in Paris, I was surprised to find that there was still interest in the love drama of Sofia Andreevna Bers and Lev Nikolaevich Tolstoy. They still write about this in magazines.
Tolstoy's drama is in the conflict of his beliefs and real behavior, Tolstoy's personal love and his universal love for all of humanity.
Tolstoy wanted, but admitted that he was not able to love all of humanity. He loved his wife. But even her love at the end of his life could not bear.
There is an opinion that "Tolstoy wanted so badly to kill Anna Karenina, because he quietly hated his wife in his soul."
At the end of 1899, Tolstoy wrote in his diary: “The main reason for family misfortunes is that people are brought up in the idea that marriage gives happiness. Marriage is lured by a sexual attraction that takes the form of a promise, a hope for happiness, which is supported by public opinion and literature; but marriage is not only not happiness, but always suffering, with which a person is paid for a satisfied sexual desire. "
Leo Tolstoy met his future wife Sonia Bers when she was seventeen and he was thirty-four years old. They lived together for 48 years, gave birth to 13 children. Sofya Andreevna was not only a wife, but also a faithful friend, an assistant in all matters, including literary.
For the first twenty years they were happy. However, then they often quarreled, mainly because of the beliefs and lifestyle that Tolstoy determined for himself. 
“A marriage should be compared to a funeral, not a name day,” said Leo Tolstoy. - Two strangers converge with each other, and they remain strangers for life. … Of course, whoever wants to marry, let him marry. Maybe he will manage to arrange his life well. But let him only look at this step as a fall, and put all his care only to make the coexistence possible happy. "
In June 1910, two doctors invited to Yasnaya Polyana - a psychiatrist Professor Rossolimo and a good doctor Nikitin, who had known Sofya Andreyevna for a long time, after two days of research and observation, diagnosed her with a "degenerative double constitution: paranoid and hysterical, with the predominance of the former."
It is believed that outwardly Anna Karenina was copied from Pushkin's daughter Maria Gartung.
Steve says it was a mistake that Anna married a man twenty years her senior.
Tolstoy wrote that Karenin was an old man. Although by today's standards, he is still young - he is only 44 years old. Anna is about 26-27 years old. She has an 8 year old son. In those days in Russia, she was no longer considered a young woman. The marriageable girls were 16-17 years old, so for the 70s of the 19th century Anna was a mature woman, the mother of a family, and Vronsky was young.
However, the conflict in the novel "Anna Karenina" is determined not by the age of the heroes, but by the social situation of the crisis of a marriage consecrated by the church. It was almost impossible for those married in the church to divorce in those days.
“I personally have the feeling that Tolstoy began writing Anna Karenina, dictating the words and actions of the characters according to his views,” says director Joe Wright. - He thought he was writing a book about a morally criminal woman, whom he severely condemns for her actions, and about her highly moral husband. But in the four years that he wrote the novel, Anna and other characters appeared before him as if they were alive. And they themselves began to dictate their lives to the writer. And he just wrote down what they said and did. " 
Literary heroes have their own logic of actions, and they begin to live not at the whim of their creators. This is what Tatyana Larina did when she rejected Onegin.
Could Tolstoy not have thrown Anna under the train?
“I’m sure that it was Anna who threw herself under the train, and not Lev Nikolaevich threw her on the rails,” says Joe Wright. "He could not change her fate, even if he wanted to."
Anna is a type of female victim. Anna is a femme fatale, and according to the sign of the zodiac, most likely "scorpio".
There are people who seem to be programmed to self-destruct. And nothing can help them.
Internally, Anna was determined to die. During childbirth, she constantly says that she will die.
A well-known specialist in crimes in the family sphere, Doctor of Laws, Professor Dmitry Anatolyevich Shestakov (author of the book "Family Criminology") believes: "Anna Karenina has an unmerciful super-self-love, which is ever superior to love for her passions, in all manifestations, including suicide, which causes suffering to those closest to her: son, husband, lover. “To own oneself is the highest power” - the warning to “annas”, unfortunately, is not perceived, because their nature takes shape long before the crisis, even in childhood. "
For Karenin, the passions that gripped his wife seem completely otherworldly, diabolical. The love of a woman defies understanding, let alone a man's.
A woman, unlike a man, is a more emotional creature. And therefore, she receives pleasure to a greater extent through emotional experience than through rational. The female experience of love is incomparably stronger than the male one, and acts like a drug. 
You say love obeys reason. And yes, and not always. In some cases, love for some reason turns out to be higher than rational appeals. Love is compared to madness, since any arguments of reason are broken in waves of feeling.
You can live together out of necessity, but still not know love; you can even have children, but love ... love! .. only crazy people are capable of this, because love is insanity! it is more than passion, because it is insatiable!
How, why do people fall in love and then kill each other? Is a transcendental mystery!
Today, the relationship between the sexes has been simplified to an impossibility. But this is a Mystery! A mystery still unsolved.
The relationship between a man and a woman is not a sexual problem, and not even a moral problem, it is a cosmic problem - the combination of spirit with matter; this is the secret of the universe!
Love for a woman is a fatal test for a man!
For a man, love is not the choice of this or that woman, it is the need for faith and the search for God!
Leo Tolstoy was one of the first to diagnose the end of the traditional form of marriage.
Anna opposed herself to society, and was ostracized. Society rejected her because it could not accept such a style of behavior leading to the collapse of the family.
If subjectively Anna's act can be explained by falling in love, then objectively by her actions she undermined the institution of the family. And the institution of the family was created primarily to protect the rights of children. History knows a lot of examples of wars started between legitimate and illegitimate, and even adopted children. The most famous case is the legendary Moses. You can also remember the child of Cleopatra from Julius Caesar. Perhaps it was he who became one of the reasons for the assassination of Caesar in the Senate.
Russian philosopher Vladimir Solovyov wrote in his work "The Meaning of Love": "To see the meaning of sexual love in expedient procreation means to recognize this meaning where there is no love at all, and where it is, take away all meaning and any justification from it."
Marriage has never protected against love affairs and illegitimate children, but marriage solved and solves the deeper problems of heritage and the meaning of life.
However, what if one suddenly fell out of love, and the other continues to love?
It is possible to resolve free sexual relations, organize the upbringing of children, but it is impossible to solve the problem of reciprocity: when one loves, and the other does not.
Anna Karenina set a bad example of behavior: to get married, and then leave her husband for the sake of a young lover, demand a divorce and children. This was unacceptable for the society of that time.
Now it has become the norm: they marry a millionaire, give birth to a child from him and get divorced in order to receive alimony.
A girl who is fifty years younger cannot love you as young! Most likely she needs an inheritance, and it is in her best interest for you to play the box faster.
Today, adultery is no longer considered sinful. Anna's suicide seems absurd. Nowadays, girls do not rush under the train, but into court and on television, to talk about their problems, to shake out their dirty laundry in public. Both shame and conscience disappeared.
Why did Anna decide to commit suicide after all? Maybe the morphine, which Anna abused, is to blame for everything?
Choosing love, Anna chose her destiny. And she died. Why? Because these are the laws of love, or could she not live with the feeling of sin? Who is she: a slave of love or an adulteress? Should she be justified for love or condemned for adultery?
In my opinion, Anna was killed by guilt!
A person cannot live without positive self-esteem. Anna lost her and could not find it. To all, she was a fallen woman, an adulteress, a criminal!
She committed a crime - entered into a forbidden relationship, violated the commandment "do not commit adultery."
Adultery inevitably leads to death, spiritual or physical, and not only the adulterer himself, but also his children.
Committing adultery, Anna gradually transforms from a charming woman into a sex and drug addict. She rejects all the laws of society and morality, almost goes crazy. “I'm not that one,” Anna says about herself, and is actually trying to kill the evil monster she has turned into.
As the experience of millennia shows, adultery never ends well, including spousal. The commandment "do not commit adultery" is not an empty phrase, but a regularity revealed in the experience of millennia.
The commandments are not a simple establishment, but a thousand-year experience of human relationships, these are the laws of life, violation of which inevitably leads to death (spiritual or physical). But people do not believe in the commandments, they break them again and again, wondering at the tragic consequences.
Perhaps the commandments are not being fulfilled because nature is stronger than culture?
Or maybe there is a deeper pattern hidden in the commandment “do not commit adultery”? This is a kind of protection from the destructive action of promiscuous sexual intercourse, self-preservation of both oneself and children, where jealousy is a natural reaction to the preservation of mental completeness and purity, a kind of self-defense, including from venereal disease.
Perhaps, the commandment "do not commit adultery" contains a law hidden from us: by committing a sin, a person destroys himself, because he refuses to believe?
Adultery is betrayal. Those who betray the faith also lose love - and from that the need for self-destruction. Love can't stand the sin it has done.
Adultery has been described many thousands of times. Cheating always ends badly sooner or later. However, someone else's experience does not teach anyone and does not stop anyone from committing sin.
Recently I saw a new film by Kirill Serebrennikov "Treason". The main character decides to cheat on her husband, as he is cheating on her. Moreover, he cheats with a man, whose wife is her husband's mistress. Lovers die, and the main character says: "Death is the most beautiful thing in this life."
What is the meaning of Anna Karenina's death?
Anna got entangled in sin. She says about her husband: "I hate him for his virtue."
In Anna's situation there is no way out, the intolerance of sin is oppressive, and there is no escape from self-condemnation. Can a woman choose between a lover and a child, between sin and conscience, love and betrayal? Sin is unbearable and relentlessly pushes you to death. In essence, the fall is suicide!
Is it right to destroy a family for the sake of a riot of the flesh?
Personally, I believe that the tragedy of Anna Karenina is in her fall. She abandoned her husband, her son, and ultimately could not bear the dichotomy. A split consciousness leads to suspicion and jealousy, and sometimes to schizophrenia.
Could Anna escape her fate? Could you not throw yourself under the train?
Choosing love, she chose her destiny!
Through love, destiny is manifested and realized. Love rules us, creating our destiny! For love is God!
Did Anna love?
“Love is longsuffering, merciful, love does not envy, love is not exalted, is not proud, does not rage, does not seek its own, does not get irritated, does not think evil, does not rejoice in the truth, but rejoices at the truth, covers everything, believes everything, hopes everything, endures everything , love never fails ... ”(1 Corinthians).
Often women marry for the sake of having a child, and some for the sake of receiving alimony after a divorce. A lonely woman in such a situation thinks not so much about the fate of the child as about herself. As the Bible says, a woman will be justified by childbearing. But will this be good for the child?
From my experience as a lawyer, I can say that in most cases, divorce proceedings are an arena of struggle between two pride.
Mothers often abuse the fact that the child lives with them, effectively blackmailing the ex-husband. Women are convinced: since the father did not give birth to the child, then the child does not belong to him.
It's okay when a father loves his child. But when an ex-husband is fighting for his son, some women somehow find it strange.
If people thought more about the fate of their children, and not about their own ambitions, they would sooner come to an agreement.
Would Karenin have done the right thing if he had given his son to an adulteress wife, who has a lover and a daughter whom she does not remember?
Anna wanted happiness. But is happiness possible at the expense of the unhappiness of others?
Anna wanted to get everything: she needed a son, and Vronsky, and Karenin's forgiveness, and a recognition of the hypocritical world ...
Leo Tolstoy wanted to show where the emancipation of women leads.
Anna Karenina is a novel about a society that encourages intrigue and betrayal. Anna was ruined by the collision of her inner honesty with the hypocrisy of the world. If she were just a mistress, like many others, no one would condemn her. But Anna didn't want to lie.
Probably, this is how a person is made: he always wants something more. But why? Do we know what we want, and is this desire good for us?
The temptation to change, betray, commit a sin - where does this come from in us?
The temptation is sweet, the temptation of the unknown. But in the end, the forbidden fruit turns out to be bitter.
But why is the temptation so strong? Even the fear of grave consequences does not stop. The desire to learn, to experience everything yourself?
Was the Fall inevitable? Did the Creator foresee this? Most likely, it was part of his Plan, so that they sinned, but, having repented, returned to Him?
Nothing gravitates towards death like adultery. Adultery leads to lies, lies to fear, fear to hate, hatred to murder.
“Do not commit adultery” is a cosmic law, as well as the commandment “Thou shalt not kill”!
LOVE TO CREATE A NECESSITY! "
(from my novel-true story "Wanderer" (mystery) on the site New Russian Literature
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