Seaside countries of the world. Seaside countries. Island states - list

summaries of other presentations

"World political map" - Monarchy. Grouping of countries by characteristics. The emergence of the world socialist system. Republic. The emergence of large feudal states. A political map of the World. The developed countries. Formation of the political map of the world. Developing countries. The rise and fall of the first states. State system of the countries of the world. The era of the origin and establishment of capitalist relations. Countries with economies in transition.

"Countries on the political map of the world" - Giant countries. Island countries. Major countries of Asia. Countries are archipelagos. Countries are giants. Review questions. Major countries in Africa. Land countries. States. States on the world map. Countries by geographic location. New period. Stages of the formation of the political map of the world. Ancient period. The concept of "political map of the world". Seaside countries. Newest period. What ancient states do you know.

"Modern political map" - Large highly developed countries. Qualitative traits. Countries of Eastern Europe. Least developed countries in Asia. Modern political map of the world. Oil exporting countries. Countries of Western Europe. Oil-producing countries. Countries lagging behind in their development. Key countries. Countries of resettlement type. Least developed countries in Latin America. Big seven. Country typology. Least developed countries in Africa.

"New political map of the world" - The largest countries in the world. HDI 2004 A political map of the World. Countries by GDP. Content of the topic. Largest countries in terms of population. GDP per capita. Typology of the countries of the world. Microstates. Developing countries. Typology by ethnicity. Political map. Geographic location of countries. Indicator of GDP per capita. Today there are more than 230 countries in the world. Typology of countries by level of socio-economic development.

"International relations on the political map" - The most important global problems of our time. Political geography. Geopolitics. Conflicts in the modern world. Regional conflicts and the problem of terrorism. NATO. The concept of "nuclear winter". Federation in the modern world. Political and geographical location. UN. The influence of international relations on the political map of the world. Regional conflicts. Characteristic of GWP. The problem of peace and disarmament. Afghanistan.

"Test" Political map of the world "" - Most of the "hot spots" you will find on the map. USA. High level. It belongs to the newly industrialized countries. India, China, Israel, South Africa. The largest state on the Earth. The largest number of developing countries. Disconnection of the country. Consolidation of countries into one state. It is a peninsular state. A political map of the World. It is an island state. Population.

The current political map of the world reports that there are now about 230 states and territories in the world. Most of them are independent sovereign countries. States are classified according to various criteria - this can be the size of the area and population, political benchmarks, and much more. If you evaluate the map of the world from the point of view of geography, you will notice that not all states have such an advantage as being located by the sea. Geographically, conclusions can be drawn about social development and economics.

Access to the sea provides states with many advantages - from fishing to sea navigation and wide trade opportunities. It is also necessary to separately emphasize the tourist importance of proximity to the sea - for small states, tourist flow is practically the only way to ensure it.

Fisheries by the sea

In addition to rights, coastal states also have certain obligations - in recent years, maritime heritage has become more and more widespread.

From the point of view of the international maritime activities of each state, caring for the maritime heritage is a demonstration of the attitude of countries to the role in the geopolitical situation. The maritime heritage includes many elements and symbols - landmarks and natural heritage, scientific and research organizations, monuments and historical structures. Natural, historical and cultural heritage, one way or another associated with the sea and sea routes.

The Adriatic Sea is famous for its resorts - gentle entrances to the water, many tourist sites. The Adriatic is included in the union of the Mediterranean Sea. The name of the Adriatic was given by the ancient word Adur, which translates as "water". The climatic conditions here depend on the current, here the usual Mediterranean winds blow - mistrals, bora and sirocco, which significantly affects the temperature of the air and water. Venice is considered one of the most visited cities on the Adriatic coast, and the Adriatic is also popular for families.

Venetian lagoon in the Adriatic Sea

The Adriatic Sea washes the coast of countries such as:

• Albania
• Bosnia and Herzegovina
• Italy
• Slovenia
• Croatia
• Montenegro

The Andaman Sea is considered semi-enclosed - it is closed on all sides by Indochina and Malacca, and it is also limited by the Nicobar and Andaman Islands - a refuge for the aborigines. The largest port city is in Malaysia.

Andaman Sea on world map

The Andaman Sea washes the shores of the most interesting countries of Asia; here you can find both stunning fashionable resorts and nature, practically untouched by civilization. The main tourist destination on the Andaman Sea is Thailand. In recent years, according to travelers, Thailand has become too popular among tourists, and the main tourist vector is gradually shifting towards Indonesia and Burma.
The countries of the Andaman Sea include:

• India
• Indonesia
• Malaysia
• Myanmar
• Thailand

Arabian Sea

The Arabian Sea is locked between Hindustan and the Arabian Peninsula. Monsoon phenomena are familiar to this sea coast, the temperature and climatic gap between different seasons is very strongly felt. The specificity of the structure of water bodies makes it possible to classify the Arabian Sea as a highly efficient region of the world ocean. The main tourist destinations here are Oman and India. Oman is called the turtle island - tourists from all over the world come here to see giant turtles. Europeans also frequent Goa, a haven of love and freedom on the Indian coast.

Arabian Sea coast in Goa

Long beaches, many health resorts with Ayurvedic practices, and a large number of ashrams and yoga centers. Besides enlightenment, tourists are also looking for cheap family vacations here.

Countries of the Arabian Sea:

• India
• Yemen
• Maldives
• Pakistan
• Somalia
• Sri Lanka

Baltic Sea

The Baltic is one of the young seas that appeared as a result of the destruction of glacial basins. The coastline is broken. This sea differs from many others in that in winter a significant part of the bays freezes over. Winter navigation is carried out using icebreakers. The Baltic Sea has a large number of commercial fish, there are also seals, and sometimes even sharks and whales come from the Atlantic. Historically, the Baltic is of great importance as a sea route.

The waters of the Baltic Sea wash the shores of nine countries that take part in the use of its resources. For the foreign northern Europe, a huge problem is the high concentration of residual oil products in the water of the Baltic Sea. All 9 countries prioritize this problem and allocate many resources, both material and human, to solve it.

Countries washed by the Baltic Sea:

• Germany
• Denmark
• Latvia
• Lithuania
• Poland
• Russia
• Finland
• Sweden
• Estonia

Caribbean sea

The Caribbean Sea is often called paradise on earth - there are many resorts, white beaches, stunning clear water and a living underwater world. In addition to exoticism and romance, there are a large number of islands and archipelagos. Caribbean countries:

Caribbean coast (Venezuela)

• Anguilla
• Antigua and Barbuda
• Aruba
• Barbados
• Belize
• Bonaire, Sint Eustatius and Saba
• Venezuela
• British Virgin Islands
• US Virgin Islands
• Guadeloupe<
• Guatemala
• Honduras
• Grenada
• Dominica
• Dominican Republic
• Costa Rica
• Curacao
• Martinique
• Mexico
• Montserrat
• Antilles (Netherlands)

Netherlands antilles

• Nicaragua<
• Cayman islands
• Panama
• Puerto Rico
• Haiti
• Saba Island
• Saint Barthélemy
• Saint Martin
• Saint Vincent and the Grenadines
• Saint Kitts and Nevis
• Saint Lucia
• Sint Maarten
• Sint Eustatius
• Trinidad and Tobago

Coral sea

The Coral Sea is not only home to a large number of corals, but is also rightfully considered one of the deepest seas in the world's oceans. Tourists and divers from all over the world flock here.

• Australia
• Vanuatu
• New Caledonia
• Papua New Guinea
• Solomon islands

Red sea

The Red Sea is the leader in salt content not only with other seas, but even with the waters of the oceans. It is also the warmest of all the seas in the world - even in winter the water temperature is more than + 20 ° C. This promotes tourist activity.

Red Sea coast in Egypt

CLASSIFICATION OF COUNTRIES BY GEOGRAPHICAL SIGNATURE

Table 2. Classification of countries by geography.

Table 3. Inland countries (with no access to the Ocean)

Overseas Europe	Overseas asia	Africa
1. Andorra	1. Afghanistan	1. Botswana
2. Austria	2. Bhutan	2. Burkina Faso
3. Hungary	3. Laos	3. Burundi
4. Luxembourg	4. Mongolia	4. Zambia
5. Liechtenstein	5. Nepal	5. Zimbabwe
6. Macedonia		6. Lesotho
7. Slovenia	CIS	7. Malawi
8. Czech Republic		8. Mali
9. Slovakia	1. Moldova *	9. Niger
10.Switzerland	2. Armenia	10. Rwanda
	3. Kazakhstan	11. Swaziland
America	4. Uzbekistan	12. Uganda
	5. Kyrgyzstan	13. CAR
1. Bolivia	6. Tajikistan	14. Chad
2. Paraguay	7. Turkmenistan	15. Ethiopia
* Moldova has a small stretch of coast (less than 500 m) at the mouth of the Danube, near the village of Giurgiulesti. At the end of 1996, she started building a commercial port there. But this requires at least another 4.5 - 5 km of the coastline on the Danube. For several years Moldova has been unsuccessfully asking Ukraine to cede such a plot to it.

The geographic location of the country has a significant impact on the level of its economic development. Most of the inland non-European countries are lagging behind in their economic development, because the lack of access to the sea makes it difficult to carry out their foreign economic activity.

The classification of countries can also be carried out by area, population and other indicators.

Table 4. Seven largest countries in the world (area over 3 million km 2)

Tasks and tests on the topic "Classification of countries by geography"

• Countries of the world - Earth population grade 7

  Lessons: 6 Assignments: 9

• The era of great geographical discoveries

  Lessons: 8 Assignments: 10 Tests: 2

• Geographical knowledge in Ancient Europe - Development of geographical knowledge about the Earth grade 5

  Lessons: 2 Assignments: 6 Tests: 1

• Modern geographic research - Development of geographical knowledge about the Earth grade 5

  Lessons: 7 Assignments: 7 Tests: 1

• Geographical coordinates - Images of the earth's surface and their use, grade 5

  Lessons: 6 Assignments: 8 Tests: 1

Leading ideas: the level of economic and social development of a country is largely determined by its geographic location and development history; the diversity of the modern political map of the world - a system that is in constant development and whose elements are interconnected.

Basic concepts: State territory and border, economic zone, sovereign state, dependent territories, republic (presidential and parliamentary), monarchy (absolute, including theocratic, constitutional), federal and unitary state, confederation, gross domestic product (GDP), human index development (HDI), developed countries, countries of the G-7 of the West, developing countries, NIS countries, key countries, oil-exporting countries, least developed countries; political geography, geopolitics, GWP of the country (region), UN, NATO, EU, NAFTA, MERCOSUR, APR, OPEC.

Skills: To be able to classify countries according to various criteria, give a brief description of groups and subgroups of countries in the modern world, assess the political and geographical position of countries according to plan, identify positive and negative features, note the change in GWP over time, use the most important economic and social indicators to characterize (GDP, GDP per capita, human development index, etc.) of the country. Identify the most important changes on the political map of the world, explain the reasons and predict the consequences of such changes.

Number and grouping of countries

Currently, about 230 countries and territories are highlighted on the political map. More than 190 of them are sovereign, i.e. politically independent states with independence in internal and external affairs.

Countries are grouped according to various criteria. More often than others, classifications of countries are used according to the size of their territory, population and the characteristics of their geographic location. In terms of territory, there are seven largest countries, with an area of \u200b\u200bover 3 million km 2 each, which together occupy about half of the entire earth's land. These are Russia, Canada, China, USA, Brazil, Australia, India.

In terms of population, the ten largest countries are distinguished, with more than 100 million inhabitants in each. They together account for 60% of the world's population. These are China, India, USA, Indonesia, Brazil, Russia, Japan, Pakistan, Bangladesh, Nigeria. The world political map is dominated by medium and small countries. The smallest countries are called microstates (Liechtenstein, Luxembourg, Monaco).

According to the peculiarities of the geographical position, the countries are divided into coastal, peninsular, island, archipelagic countries. The latter group includes Japan, Indonesia, and the Philippines. Landlocked countries are particularly distinguished. This makes it difficult for these countries to use sea trade routes and resources of the World Ocean. There are 36 such countries in total.

Table 1. Classification of countries by geography.

Table 2. Landlocked countries (landlocked)

Overseas Europe	Overseas asia	Africa
1. Andorra	1. Afghanistan	1. Botswana
2. Austria	2. Bhutan	2. Burkina Faso
3. Hungary	3. Laos	3. Burundi
4. Luxembourg	4. Mongolia	4. Zambia
5. Liechtenstein	5. Nepal	5. Zimbabwe
6. Macedonia		6. Lesotho
7. Slovenia	CIS	7. Malawi
8. Czech Republic		8. Mali
9. Slovakia	1. Moldova *	9. Niger
10.Switzerland	2. Armenia	10. Rwanda
	3. Kazakhstan	11. Swaziland
America	4. Uzbekistan	12. Uganda
	5. Kyrgyzstan	13. CAR
1. Bolivia	6. Tajikistan	14. Chad
2. Paraguay	7. Turkmenistan	15. Ethiopia

The geographic location of the country has a significant impact on the level of its economic development. Most of the inland non-European countries are lagging behind in their economic development, because the lack of access to the sea makes it difficult to carry out their foreign economic activity.

The classification of countries can also be carried out by area, population and other indicators.

Table 3. Seven largest countries in the world (area over 3 million km 2)

Forms of government

The republican form of government originated in antiquity, but it was most widespread during the periods of modern and recent history. In 1991, there were 127 republics in the world, but after the collapse of the USSR and Yugoslavia, their total number exceeded 140.

In a republican system, the legislature usually belongs to the parliament and the executive to the government. In this case, the so-called. a presidential republic, where the president heads the government and is endowed with very large powers (USA, a number of Latin American countries), and a parliamentary republic, where the role of the president is less, and the government is headed by the prime minister (Germany, Italy, India, etc.). A special form of government is the socialist republic (which arose in the 20th century in a number of countries as a result of the victory of socialist revolutions). China, Vietnam, North Korea, and Cuba remain socialist republics to this day.

The monarchical form of government arose in ancient times in a slave society. Under feudalism, this form of government became the main one. In later times, only the traditional, mostly formal features of monarchical rule were preserved. Currently, there are 30 monarchies on the political map of the world. Moreover, there is not a single one in America, 14 are in Asia, 12 are in Europe, 3 are in Africa and one is in Oceania. Among them are empires, kingdoms, principalities, duchies, sultanates, emirates, and the papal state of the Vatican.

The overwhelming majority of monarchies existing in the world today are constitutional. The real legislative power in them belongs to the parliament, and the executive power belongs to the government (Great Britain, Norway, Sweden, etc.).

Along with constitutional ones, there are still several absolute monarchies. In these states, the government or other authorities are responsible only to the monarch as the head of state, and in some cases parliament is absent altogether or is just an advisory body (United Arab Emirates, Oman, Kuwait, etc.). The so-called theocratic monarchies also belong to absolute monarchies. In addition to the Vatican, this is also Saudi Arabia and Brunei (the head of the secular and spiritual authorities in them is one person). Usually, the monarch's power is for life and is inherited, but, for example, in Malaysia and the UAE, monarchs are elected for a five-year term.

Table 4. Two main forms of government

Table 5. Countries with a monarchical form of government

Mainland	Country	Monarchy type
Europe	Andorra	principality (KM)
	Belgium	kingdom (KM)
	Vatican	papacy (ATM)
	United Kingdom	kingdom (PM)
	Denmark	kingdom (KM)
	Spain	kingdom (KM)
	Liechtenstein	principality (KM)
	Luxembourg	Grand Duchy (CM)
	Monaco	principality (KM)
	Netherlands	kingdom (KM)
	Norway	kingdom (KM)
	Sweden	kingdom (KM)
Asia	Bahrain	emirate (CM)
	Thailand	kingdom (KM)
	Nepal	kingdom (KM)
	Kuwait	hereditary emirate (CM)
	Malaysia	sultanate (OM)
	Japan	empire (KM)
	Butane	kingdom (OM)
	Jordan	kingdom (KM)
	Qatar	emirate (AM)
	Uae	emirate (OM)
	Oman	sultanate (AM)
	Brunei	sultanate (ATM)
	Saudi Arabia	kingdom (ATM)
	Cambodia	kingdom (KM)
Africa	Lesotho	kingdom (KM)
	Morocco	kingdom (KM)
	Swaziland	kingdom (AM)
Oceania	Tonga	kingdom
KM - constitutional monarchy; PM - parliamentary monarchy; OM - limited monarchy; AM - absolute monarchy; ATM is an absolute theocratic monarchy.

Great Britain is the world's oldest constitutional monarchy. The King (now Queen Elizabeth II) is considered the head of state, the judiciary, the commander-in-chief of the armed forces, the secular head of the state Anglican Church, as well as the British-led Commonwealth, whose members are more than 50 countries that were previously part of the British Empire (India, Canada, Sri- Lanka, South Africa, Kenya, Uganda, etc.); and in 15 of the Commonwealth countries, however, he is formally considered the head of state (Canada, Australia, New Zealand, etc.).

Form of government

reflects the administrative-territorial structure of states, the national-ethnic (in some cases also confessional) composition of the population. There are two main forms of the administrative-territorial structure - unitary and federal.

A unitary state is an integral state formation, consisting of administrative-territorial units that are subordinate to the central authorities and do not possess signs of state sovereignty. In a unitary state, there is usually a single legislative and executive power, a single system of state bodies, a single constitution. The overwhelming majority of such states in the world.

Federation is a form of organization in which several state entities legally possessing a certain political independence form one union state. The characteristic features of a federation that distinguish it from a unitary state are the following: the territory of the federation consists of the territories of its individual subjects (for example, states - in Australia, Brazil, Mexico, Venezuela, India, USA; cantons - in Switzerland; lands - in Germany and Austria ; republics, as well as other administrative entities - in Russia); the subjects of the federation are usually vested with the right to adopt their own constitutions; the competence between the federation and its subjects is delimited by the federal constitution; each subject of the federation has its own legal and judicial system.

In most federations, there is a single union citizenship, as well as the citizenship of union units. The federation usually has a unified military force, a federal budget. In a number of federations, the union parliament has a chamber that represents the interests of its members.

Federations are built on territorial (USA, Canada, Australia, etc.) and national characteristics (Russia, India, Nigeria, etc.).

A confederation is a temporary legal union of sovereign states, created to ensure their common interests (members of the confederation retain their sovereign rights both in internal and external affairs). Confederate states are short-lived: they either disintegrate or turn into federations (examples: the Swiss Union, Austria-Hungary, as well as the USA, where a federation of states was formed from the confederation established in 1781.

Table 6. Basic forms of government

Unitary	Federation	Confederation	Others
- a single integral state formation, consisting of administrative-territorial units that do not have signs of state sovereignty.	Administrative-territorial units within the federation have a certain political and economic independence.	The members of the confederation, while maintaining their formal independence, have their own bodies of state power, but also create joint bodies to coordinate the military and foreign policy actions of the confederation.	The Commonwealth is a more amorphous union of states than a confederation. The members of the Commonwealth are completely sovereign states. The community of states is created on the basis of an interstate agreement, strengthens the interstate relations of countries.
Most countries in the world: China, Czech Republic, Sweden, Egypt, etc.	cm. tab. "Countries with a federal administrative-territorial structure"	Switzerland	CIS

Federal states, of which there are about 20 in the world, were created mainly on the basis of ethnic or national differences (Russia, Switzerland, India, Pakistan, Myanmar, Nigeria) or taking into account the historical peculiarities of the formation of statehood (USA, Canada, Mexico, Brazil, Venezuela, Germany, Australia, Federation of Micronesia).

Table 7. Countries of the world with a federal administrative-territorial structure

Russian Federation	Africa:	Australia and Oceania:
Overseas Europe:	Federal Islamic Republic of the Comoros	Australia
Moldova	Federal Republic of Nigeria	Federated States of Micronesia
Austrian republic	South Africa	America:
Kingdom of Belgium	Overseas Asia:	Federative Republic of Brazil
FRG	Georgia	Republic of Venezuela
Swiss Confederation	Republic of India	Canada
Spain	Malaysia	Mexican United States
	Union of Myanmar	USA
	UAE
	Federal Republic of Pakistan

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